Funda ukuvelisa imithi ngokusika Yenye yezona ndlela zinomvuzo kwaye ziluncedo kwihlabathi legadi kunye nokulima izitiya. Lo mkhuba, oyinxalenye yokuphindaphinda kwezityalo okanye ukuveliswa kwe-asexual, kubandakanya ukufumana isityalo esitsha kwiqhekeza lesityalo sikamama, ngokuqhelekileyo inxalenye yesiqu, nangona kunokwenzeka ngamagqabi okanye iingcambu. Yindlela esebenzayo nelula evumela ukuba kufunyanwe iisampuli ezifanayo ngokwemfuza, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekwe iimpawu ezinqwenelekayo zesityalo sokuqala, kwaye iyafikeleleka kubo bobabini abalimi abanamava nabanamava.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuvelisa kwakhona imithi ngokusikwa?
Ukusasaza umthi ngokusika kubandakanya ukuthatha inxalenye yesityalo somzali-ngokuqhelekileyo icandelo le-stem, nangona linokuba ligqabi okanye ingcambu-kwaye likhule libe ziingcambu ezizimeleyo ukwenza umntu omtsha. Esi sityalo sitsha siza kuphinda ngokuchanekileyo iimpawu zofuzo zesityalo esingumzali., nto leyo eyimfuneko xa ufuna ukugcina iimpawu zabo, ezifana nenkangeleko, ukuxhathisa, ukudumba kweentyatyambo nokuveliswa kweziqhamo. Olu buchule lusetyenziswa kuzo zombini iintlobo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, kubandakanywa nemithi yeziqhamo, imithi yokuhombisa, amatyholo, kunye nezityalo ezinezityalo.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezizathu zokukhetha ukuzala ngokusika
Ukuzala ngokusikwa kuneenzuzo ezininzi:
- Ukunyaniseka kwemfuzo: Iziphumo zezityalo ziyi-clones ye-original kwaye zizuze zonke iipropati zayo, zizenza ziyimfuneko kwizityalo zorhwebo kunye negadi yokuhlobisa.
- Isantya: Isityalo sithatha ixesha elincinane ukufikelela ekuvuthweni kunesityalo esikhule ngembewu. Ngokomzekelo, i-wisteria ekhuliswe kwi-cuttings ingatyatyamba kwiminyaka embalwa, ngokukhawuleza kunokuba enye ikhule ukusuka kwimbewu.
- Inzuzo: Isityalo esingumama esinye kuphela esifunekayo ukufumana imizekelo emininzi. Obu buchule buvumela abantu abanomdla wokuzilibazisa ukuba batshintshise ngezityalo okanye baphinde batyale iindawo zegadi ngexabiso eliphantsi.
- Lula: Ayifuni ziseko zophuhliso ezibizayo okanye ulwazi oluphambili. Konke okufunekayo zixhobo ezisisiseko kunye nokunyamekela okuncinci ukuqinisekisa impumelelo.
- Ukuphila kweentlobo ezingenanto: Yeyona ndlela inokwenzeka yokuvelisa kwakhona ezo ntlobo zezityalo zingavelisi mbewu iphilayo, njengemihlanganiselwa yohombisa.
Iintlobo zokusikwa kwemithi kunye nezityalo
Ayizizo zonke izisikwa ezifanayo kwaye azifuni ukhathalelo olufanayo. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo kunye nexesha lonyakaIindidi ezahlukeneyo zohlulwa:
- Izinto ezisikiweyo zomthi: Zithatyathwe kumasebe asele ekhulile, agqamile, afana nemithi evuthulukayo nehlala iluhlaza kunye namatyholo. Ngokuqhelekileyo banqunywe ekwindla okanye ebusika kwaye bahluke ngobukhulu (i-15 ukuya kwi-75 cm, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-40 cm).
- Iinqunqa ezinemiqobo: Zingamacandelo esikhondo asagcina ukuguquguquka okuthile, kodwa sele eqalisile ukuqina. Ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo okanye ngexesha lehlobo.
- Ukusikwa kweHerbaceous: Ezi zezona zithenda kakhulu, ezithathwe kwizityalo ezinomthi okanye amasebe amancinci kakhulu. Zikhutshwa ngexesha lokukhula elisebenzayo (entwasahlobo okanye ekuqaleni kwehlobo).
- Izicucu zengcambu: Eminye imithi kunye nezihlahlana ziyakwazi ukuzala kwiingcambu zeengcambu.
Liliphi elona xesha lilungileyo lokuthatha ama-cuttings?
Impumelelo ekuveliseni ngokusikwa kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwi umzuzu xa i-cuttings ithathwa kwaye ityalwe:
- Izinto ezisikiweyo zomthi: Zithathwa ngasekupheleni kwekwindla nasebusika, xa iqondo lencindi lisezantsi kwaye imithi evuthulukayo iphulukene namagqabi ayo.
- Iinqunqa ezinemiqobo: Zikhutshwa ehlotyeni, zithatha ithuba lokukhula okusebenzayo, kodwa xa iziqu zifumene ukuqina okuthile.
- Ukusikwa kweHerbaceous: Ngokuqhelekileyo ziqhutyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa isityalo sikhula ngokupheleleyo.
- Ngokubanzi, Intwasahlobo nokuwa La ngawona maxesha afanelekileyo okutyala amagatyana ngenxa yokufuma okuphakathi kunye neemeko zobushushu.
Liphephe ihlobo ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nobusika kwiindawo ezibandayo kakhulu, njengoko iqabaka yenza kube nzima ukuhluma.
Inyathelo ngeNyathelo: ULungisa njani kwaye uTyelwe Ukugawulwa kwemithi
Ngezantsi sibonisa ngokweenkcukacha Indlela yokuthatha ukusika kwemithi kunye nokuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lempumelelo:
- Khetha isityalo sikamama: Kufuneka ibe sempilweni, ingabi nazinambuzane nezifo, kwaye yomelele. Isityalo esineminyaka embalwa ubuncinci siqinisekisa ukomelela okukhulu.
- Lungisa izixhobo: Sebenzisa isikere esibukhali, esifakelwe iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo.
- Khetha icandelo: Khetha isebe eliphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-40 cm (ixesha elide kwiintlobo ezinkulu) kunye neengcambu ezintathu ubuncinane. Yenza ukusika okusezantsi ngaphantsi kwendawo enye kunye nokusikwa okungaphezulu nje kwe-node, ngokukhethekileyo ngokuthe tye okanye ngokuthe tye. Kwimithi ehlala iluhlaza, shiya amagqabi amabini okanye amathathu kuphela kwincam, ususa amanye.
- Iihomoni zengcambu (ukhetho, kodwa luyacetyiswa): Gxuba isiseko sokusikwa kwi-hormone powder okanye ulwelo imizuzu embalwa ukuvuselela ukubunjwa kweengcambu. Ngokukodwa luncedo kwi-woody cuttings.
- Lungisa i-substrate: Sebenzisa i-substrate elula, ene-aerated kakuhle: umxube we-peat kunye nesihlabathi, okanye i-perlite, okanye i-substrate yendalo yonke egcina umswakama omhle. Gcwalisa iimbiza ezincinci ngemingxuma yokukhupha amanzi.
- Tyala indawo yokusika: Faka icandelo kwi-substrate kude kube ubuncinane enye okanye ezimbini i-buds ziphantsi komhlaba. Cinezela ngobunono phantsi ujikeleze yonke indawo ukuphelisa iipokotho zomoya.
- Amanzi ngokuwonga: Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ingabi namanzi. Ukufuma rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala kubalulekile kuphuhliso lweengcambu.
- Indawo: Beka iimbiza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, eqaqambileyo, kodwa kungekhona ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Kwiimozulu ezibandayo, luluvo olulungileyo ukuzigquma ngeplastiki okanye usebenzise i-greenhouse encinci.
- Lawula inkqubela phambili: Emva kweeveki eziliqela (kunokuba ukusuka kwi-2 ukuya kwi-8 kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye nohlobo lokusika), amahlumela okuqala okanye ukuphuhliswa kweengcambu kubonisa ukuba inkqubo iphumelele.
- Ufakelo: Xa inkqubo yeengcambu yenziwe kakuhle, tshintshela kumhlaba oqinileyo okanye kwisitya esikhulu.
Yiyiphi imithi kunye nezityalo ezinokusasazwa ngokusikwa?
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemithi, amatyholo kunye nezityalo ezinokukhuliswa ngokusikwa. Sinikezela Uluhlu olupheleleyo lwemithi kunye nezityalo ezivelisa ngokufanelekileyo ngokusikwa:
- Imithi yeziqhamo kunye namatyholo eziqhamo: Umkhiwane, umdiliya, i-blueberry, i-currant kunye ne-gooseberry, i-blackberry, i-kiwi, i-raspberry, i-elderberry, i-quince, i-pomegranate, i-apula, i-pear tree, i-olive tree, i-citrus fruit (i-lemon, i-orange, i-mandarin), i-dragon fruit, i-vanilla.
- Imithi yokuhombisa: Umngcunube, magnolia, umthi weJupiter (Lagerstroemia inkomba), inqwelomoya yaseLondon, ipoplar, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, durillo (Viburnum tinus), i-dogwood eneentyatyambo, i-hibiscus, i-hydrangea, i-celindo, i-deutzia, i-abelia, i-camellias, i-azaleas, i-lilac, i-honeysuckle, i-snowball (viburnum opulus), umnquma, holly, aucuba, oleander, laurel, laurentino, osmantus, pitosporo, callitemon, lantana, lavender.
- Izihlahla kunye neendonga: I-Forsythia, i-euonymus, umtshayelo, i-spirea, i-weigela, i-rose, ukunyuka kwe-rose, i-sinamon.
- Izityalo ezinevumba elimnandi kunye negadi: I-rosemary, i-mint, i-spearmint, i-oregano, i-basil, i-sage, i-stevia, i-thyme, i-tarragon, i-tomato.
- Izityalo ze-Herbaceous kunye nezangaphakathi: I-Potus, i-syngonium, i-philodendron, i-spatiphyllum, i-pilea, i-diefembaquia, i-chlorophyte, uvuyo lwendlu, i-ribbon, i-succulents efana ne-echeveria kunye ne-kalanchoe.
- Abakhweli: Ivy, jasmine, bougainvillea, ixilongo elirhubuluzayo, iVirginia creeper, iwisteria, iplumbago.
- Ingca kunye nezinye iintlobo: I-Privet, i-tamarisk, i-ebony yobuxoki.
Ubuchule kunye neengcebiso zokwandisa impumelelo
- Inqanda ukomisa: Tyala i-cuttings ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba ithathwe. Ukuziyeka zome kunciphisa amathuba okuphumelela.
- Gcina ipolarity: Hlonipha ulwalathiso lwesebe (isiseko emhlabeni, ihlumela eliphezulu lijonge phezulu). Ukutyala ngasemva kuthintela ukukhula okuqhubekayo.
- Ukusika okucocekileyo: Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa izixhobo ezibukhali, ezicocekileyo ukunqanda ukonakalisa izicubu kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo.
- Ukuhlaziya iihormone: Ukusebenzisa i-rooting powders okanye iigels kunokwenza umahluko, ngakumbi kwiintlobo zemithi okanye ezifuna kakhulu.
- Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma: Gcina i-substrate ifumile kodwa ayizange ifakwe emanzini. Amanzi amaninzi anokubangela ukubola. Inceda ukuyigubungela nge-mini-greenhouse-style bag yeplastiki (enemingxuma yokungena umoya).
- Ukukhanya kunye nobushushu: Indawo efudumeleyo, eqaqambileyo, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga ngqo, ikhawulezisa inkqubo yokuhluma.
- Thatha ukusika ngaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko: Ayizizo zonke i-cuttings ezikhulayo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele ukusika amaninzi kanye.
Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokwenza ukusika
Ubuchule bunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, uhlobo lokusikwa, kunye nokufumaneka kobutyebi. Nazi ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo:
- Emanzini: Ilungele izityalo zangaphakathi kunye nemifuno ethile. Beka ingca kwiglasi yamanzi de ibe neengcambu ezaneleyo phambi kokutyala emhlabeni.
- Kwi substrate: Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yemithi yemithi kunye nezihlahla. Sebenzisa imixube yepeat, isanti, okanye iperlite, kwaye ugcine indawo ifumile.
- Ngu stolons: Izityalo ezifana nezityalo zeribhoni zisasaza ngokuxhasa ii-stolons zazo emhlabeni ukuze zikhule iingcambu ngaphambi kokuzahlula kwisityalo esingumzali.
- Ukusikwa kwamagqabi: Ezinye i-succulents, njengeKalanchoe, zikuvumela ukuba ukhule izityalo ezitsha kwigqabi nje. Yiyeke yome usuku kwaye uyibeke kumhlaba wokugalela, uyitshize ngamanzi de iingcambu zihlume.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuziphepha
- Ukugqithisa okanye ukungabikho kokufuma: Ukusikwa kufuneka kugcinwe kumanzi, kodwa kungabikho manzi. Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kubangela ukubola kunye nokungunda.
- Ukunqongophala kococeko: Hlala usebenzisa izinto ezicocekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela usulelo.
- Khetha amasebe anesifo: Impilo yesityalo sikamama ingundoqo ekusebenzeni kokusikwa.
- Musa ukusebenzisa iihomoni ze-rooting xa kuyimfuneko: Nangona iintlobo ezininzi zeengcambu ngaphandle koncedo, iintlobo zemithi kunye nobunzima ziyakuxabisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-rooting agents.
- Ukugqatswa lilanga ngokuthe ngqo: Izithole ezisandul' ukutyalwa kufuneka zigcinwe kumthunzi oqaqambileyo, zingaze zibekwilanga elithe ngqo elinokuthi likhuphe amanzi emzimbeni.
- Musa ukumakisha isiseko sokusika: Ngokukodwa kwixesha elide, ukusikwa kwemithi, phawula isiseko ukuphepha ukubuyisela umva i-orientation.
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga nokusasaza imithi kunye nezityalo ngokusikwa
- Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iingcambu zisikwe? Kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, kodwa inkqubo ithatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezisibhozo. Iintlobo ze-Herbaceous zingcambu ngokukhawuleza kunemithi.
- Ngaba ndifanele ndigqume amanxeba? Ukuzigubungela ngeplastiki eguquguqukayo kunokunceda ukugcina ukufuma okuphezulu, okukhuthaza ukuhluma. Faka umoya ngamaxesha athile ukuthintela ukukhula komngundo.
- Ngaba yonke imithi inokusasazwa ngokusikwa? Ayizizo zonke iintlobo eziphendula ngokulinganayo kule ndlela. Eminye, enjengomkhiwane kunye nomngcunube, kulula kakhulu ukuyicothula, ngelixa ezinye zifuna iindlela eziphucukileyo okanye zingenangcambu ngokusebenzisa le ndlela.
- Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ukusika kwam kuyabola? Ukufuma okugqithisileyo okanye ukusebenzisa isubstrate exinene kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngunobangela wengxaki. Jonga amanzi, lungisa ukunkcenkceshela, kwaye uqalise ukusika okutsha ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Amabali empumelelo: Iintlobo ezicetyiswayo zokuQalisa
- Umkhiwane: Enye yeentlobo ezinomvuzo kakhulu. Sika nje isebe elinomthi, ulityale kumhlaba omanzi, kwaye kwiiveki ezimbalwa uya kuba nomfanekiso omtsha.
- I-Rosebush: Ukusasazwa kwe roses ukusuka kwi-cuttings yi-classic. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhetha iziqu ezincinci kwaye usebenzise i-agent agent.
- Ividiyo: Ukusikwa komdiliya (amahlumela) atyalwa ekupheleni kobusika kwaye yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yokusasaza.
- I-Potus kunye neerbhoni: Ilungele ukuziqhelanisa nendlu. Zimbalwa izityalo ezikhula ngokulula emanzini njengalezi.
- Sage kunye ne-basil: Izityalo ezifanelekileyo ezinevumba elimnandi ukuqala, zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhuthaza ukujikeleza kweembiza ekhaya.
Ukuvelisa kwakhona imithi kunye nezityalo ngokusikwa yinkqubo elula, esebenzayo, kwaye eyanelisayo kakhulu, njengoko ikuvumela ukuba ugcine iimpawu zesityalo somzali kwaye ufumane iisampuli ezininzi ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwemvelo. Ngokwazi ezona zityalo zifanelekileyo nokulandela amanyathelo ambalwa alula, nawuphi na umntu othanda isitiya unokuphinda-phinda isitiya sakhe, atshintshiselane ngezityalo nabahlobo, aze onwabele ukubukela ubomi bezityalo obutsha buphuma kwisebe elinye.
