Ukuhamba kuyo nayiphi na idolophu yaseSpain kubonakalisa ukuhlukahluka okunomdla kwemithi yasezidolophini, abalinganiswa bokwenyani bendawo kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo kumgangatho wokusingqongileyo wezixeko zethu. Nangona abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kufuneka kubekho izityalo ezininzi kunye neendawo ezinkulu eziluhlaza, imithi ekhoyo ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezihamba ngaphaya kweenzuzo zokuhombisa nje. Le mithi ayityalwanga ngamabona-ndenzile; ukhetho lwabo kunye nendawo basabela kwiikhrayitheriya ezingqongqo zobugcisa nezendalo ezifuna ukuphucula ubomi basezidolophini, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo, nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ubutyebi.
Ukubaluleka kwemithi kwimbonakalo yedolophu yaseSpain
Imithi yasezidolophini ibonelela ngobuninzi beenkonzo ze-ikhosistim Ezi zisuka ekucoceni umoya kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko ukuya ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle yabemi. Zisebenza njengemiqobo ngokuchasene nomoya, ilanga, nengxolo, zicande iindawo, kwaye zisebenza njengezihluzo zendalo ngokuchasene nothuli kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo. Bakwalawula ubushushu, banciphise isiphumo sesiqithi sobushushu, kwaye bancede ukuthintela izikhukhula ngokukhuthaza ukungena kwamanzi emhlabeni.
Ubukho bemithi yasezidolophini bungundoqo kuyilo lweendawo zoluntu.Zihombisa izitrato, izikwere neepaki, zinika umthunzi ngeemini ezishushu, yaye zinika ikhusi nokutya kweentaka nezinambuzane ezisasaza umungu, ngaloo ndlela zandisa iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezidolophini. Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwabo kwimimandla yasezidolophini lubeka imingeni ekhethekileyo ngenxa yoxinzelelo longcoliseko, indawo encinci yokukhula kweengcambu kunye ne-canopy, kunye nemingcipheko eyandisiweyo yezinambuzane kunye nezifo.
Iikhrayitheriya zokukhethwa kwemithi yasezidolophini
Phambi kokukhetha uhlobo lomthi lwemekobume yasezidolophiniKubalulekile ukuvavanya izinto ezininzi eziza kuqinisekisa impumelelo yokutyala kunye nokukhula okunempilo kwesityalo kwiimeko ezahlukileyo kwezo zendalo yazo yendalo. Le migaqo ilandelayo ibalasele:
- Ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu kunye nokumelana nembalela: Khetha iintlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko zemozulu zengingqi, kuquka ububhanxa, imimoya kunye nokutshintsha kobushushu.
- Iimpawu zomhlaba: Qwalasela umgangatho, ukwakheka nobunzulu bomhlaba ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso olululo lwenkqubo yeengcambu.
- Indawo ekhoyo: Khetha iintlobo ezinobungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa kweengcambu zihambelana nobubanzi beendlela zokuhamba, izitrato kunye neepaki, ukuphepha ukungqubuzana kwexesha elizayo kunye neziseko zedolophu okanye izakhiwo.
- Ixabiso lokuhombisa kunye nendalo: Ukubeka phambili iintlobo ezidibanisa ubuhle (iintyatyambo, umbala wamagqabi, ukumila kwecanopy) kunye negalelo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zendalo, zikhetha ubukho bezilwanyana zalapha.
- Ukugcinwa okuphantsi kunye nokuxhathisa izinambuzane: Khetha imithi efuna ukungenelela okuncinci ekutheneni kunye nonyango lwe-phytosanitary, ngoko ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nobungozi bokusingqongileyo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo inqanda iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-monoculture yasezidolophini, ezifana nokwanda kwezitshabalalisi ezithile.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokusetyenziswa kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlala ezidolophini
Ukusetyenziswa Iintlobo zemveli okanye ezizenzekelayo Ithathwa njengeyona ndlela ilungileyo yoyilo lwegadi kunye nolungelelwaniso lwedolophu eSpain ngezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- Ukuziqhelanisa okuphezulu: Ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zemozulu zasekuhlaleni kunye neemeko zomhlaba, kuquka amaxesha embalela namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
- ukugcinwa okuncitshisiweyo: Ukuvela kwayo kwimeko yendalo ivumela uphuhliso olunamandla ngaphandle kwesidingo sezichumisi ezininzi, ukuthenwa okanye unyango lwemichiza.
- Ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo: Bakhuthaza ubukho bezilwanyana ezinxulumene nendawo (iintaka, iinyosi, amabhabhathane) kwaye banegalelo kulungelelwaniso lwendalo lwezixeko.
- Ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi kwezinto ezingcolisa izithuthi, kuba azifuni iihambo ezinde ukusuka kwiindawo ezikude.
- Imbonakalo kunye nexabiso lemfundo: Bakhuthaza intlonipho kunye nokunxibelelana nendalo, basebenza njengesixhobo sokufundisa ukwazisa uluntu.
Imiba ephambili ekusekweni nasekulawuleni imithi yasezidolophini
Ukwandisa inzuzo yemithi, kubalulekile:
- Cwangcisa indawo kunye nokwahlula phakathi kwemizekelo, ukuphepha ukungquzulana neziseko zophuhliso kunye nokuvumela uphuhliso lwendalo lwecanopy.
- Qaphela ukulungiswa kunye nomgangatho womhlaba, ukuqinisekisa umthamo owaneleyo kunye nesakhiwo sokukhula kweengcambu.
- Ukuphumeza iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela ezifanelekileyo kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi, ukubeka phambili iindlela ezizinzileyo ezifana nokunkcenkceshela drip.
- Ukukhuthaza ulondolozo lwendalo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuphucula izityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.
Ezona ntlobo zemithi yasezidolophini eSpain
Ngoku bakhona ezona ntlobo zisetyenziswayo nezixatyisiweyo ngenxa yeempawu kunye neenzuzo zazo kwimbonakalo yedolophu yaseSpain, kunye nemiba yayo yebhotani, yokuhombisa kunye nendalo:
UCercis siliquastrum (Umthi wothando)
Lo mthi udumileyo wamagqabi waziwa ngeentyatyambo zawo ezipinki okanye ezimhlophe eziphuma entlakohlaza phambi kokuba kuvele amagqabi amile okwentliziyo. Inyamezela imbalela kunye nemozulu eshushu kakuhle, nangona ichatshazelwa yiqabaka eqatha. Iyaziwa ngexabiso layo lokuhombisa kunye nokukwazi ukutsala i-pollinators. Ngokuqhelekileyo bafikelela kwiimitha ezi-5 ubude emva kweminyaka eyi-15 kwaye banike umthunzi omnandi.
acer negundo
Umthi okhula ngokukhawuleza, okwaziyo ukufikelela kwi-25 yeemitha, kunye namagqabi adibeneyo kunye neentyantyambo ezingenasiphelo ezikhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwe-pollination emoyeni. Ukumelana nongcoliseko lwasezidolophini kunye nokulungelelaniswa kakuhle kwimihlaba emanzi, isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kunye neendawo zegadi.
ICatalpa bignonioides
Ukhula ube ziimitha ezili-12 ubude, lo mthi uvuthulukayo ubalasele ngenxa yamagqabi awo achumileyo, iintyatyambo ezimhlophe, nokunyamezela imihlaba eyahlukahlukeneyo namaxesha onyaka owomileyo. Inika umthunzi ogqwesileyo kunye nemibala enzulu yasentwasahlobo, iyenza ilungele iipaki kunye neendawo zokuzonwabisa.
IGleditsia triacanthos (iAcacia enameva amathathu)
Umthi omkhulu (ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha ubude), okwaziyo ukumelana nembalela kwaye ukhetha iindawo ezinelanga, ezifumileyo, uvelisa iindumba eziswiti nezityiwayo. Iphawulwa ngokuqina kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye idla ngokutyalwa kwimiqolo ebanzi.
I-Koelreuteria paniculata (Umthi weLantern)
Ibonakala ngeentyantyambo zayo ezityheli zasehlotyeni kunye ne-pink capsules. Ikhula ibe ziimitha ezili-15 ubude kwaye ixhathisa ngokuphawulekayo kungcoliseko nembalela, nangona ubude bayo buphakathi. Ixabiso layo lokuhombisa lixabiswa kakhulu ngokongeza umbala kwizitrato kunye nezikwere.
I-Morus alba (i-White Mulberry)
Iqhelekile kwiindawo zasezidolophini, umthi we-mulberry uqinile kwaye ukhula ukuya kwi-18 yeemitha ubude. Iziqhamo zayo ezimnyama nezinencasa, kunye nokuqhelana nemozulu emanzi neyomileyo, ziyenza ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokulungiselela umthunzi nokutya kwezilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni.
UPaulownia tomentosa (umthi we-Empress)
Eyaziwayo ngamagqabi ayo amakhulu, afana nentliziyo kunye neentyantyambo ze-lilac ezinevumba elimnandi, lo mthi ubonakala ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchasana nembalela kunye nemozulu ebandayo. Inkangeleko yayo entle kunye neentyantyambo zasentwasahlobo ziyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwiipaki kunye neendlela.
Populus alba (White Poplar)
Umthi ovuthulukayo onokufikelela kwiimitha ezingama-25, uthanda umhlaba opholileyo kodwa unyamezela ubume bendawo zasezidolophini. Amagqabi ayo amhlophe kunye necanopy ebanzi inika umthunzi oshinyeneyo, kwaye ifumaneka rhoqo kwiindawo ezisezidolophini.
IPrunus cerasifera (iplamu yokuhombisa)
Umthi omncinci, olungele izitrato ezineendlela ezimxinwa. Amaqabunga ayo abomvu ekwindla, iintyatyambo ezipinki okanye ezimhlophe, kunye neziqhamo ezincinci zenza ukuba zikhangeleke kakhulu kuyilo lwedolophu.
Quercus ilex (holm oki)
Ihombisa inkangeleko yeMeditera ngokukhula kwayo ngokobude obuphakathi, i-canopy eshinyeneyo, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-acorn. Ngomnye weyona mithi yemveli ininzi nekwaziyo ukumelana nembalela, enika umthunzi osisigxina kunye nekhusi kwizilwanyana zasendle.
IRobinia pseudoacacia (umnga womnga)
Olu hlobo olukhula ngokukhawuleza luqhakaza kakhulu entwasahlobo, luvelisa amaqoqo eentyantyambo ezimhlophe ezinevumba elimnandi. Iqinile kwaye ihombise, nangona imbewu yayo inetyhefu, iintyatyambo zayo ngokwesiko ziye zatyiwa ngabantwana basezidolophini.
ITilia platyphyllos (Ikalika enamagqabi amakhulu)
Umthi we-linden, onamagqabi afana nentliziyo, isithsaba esibanzi, kunye neentyantyambo zasehlotyeni ezivumba limnandi, likhula lifikelele kwiimitha ezingama-30 ubude kwaye lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengomthi wokuhombisa kwiipaki kunye nezitrato ezinemithi.
I-Platanus hybrida (i-Sky Plane)
Enye yemithi emikhulu esetyenziswa kwisixeko, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ixhathise uxinzelelo lwedolophu. Inika umthunzi obuninzi kwaye ixhaphake kwiindlela kunye neepaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomthamo wayo wokucoca umoya kunye nokunyamezela ukungcoliseka komoya.
Ukudibanisa ezinye iintlobo zendalo kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo
Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezikhankanyiweyo, Indlela yangoku yokwakheka komhlaba edolophini kukugxila ekubandakanyeni iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentyatyambo zomthonyama kunye nezilungelelanisiweyo., kulandela inkqubo yokuzinza, ukomelela, kunye nokuphucula izinto eziphilayo ezizidolophini. Ezinye iintlobo ezicetyiswayo ziquka:
- Ilavandula angustifolia (ilavenda okanye ilavenda): Isityalo esinevumba elimnandi, esikwaziyo ukumelana nembalela, nekulula ukusigcina. Ilungele imida yasezidolophini kunye neerockeries.
- IGeranium robertianum (gypsy): Isityalo esineentyantyambo ezinde esinceda ukulungisa umhlaba kwaye sitsale i-pollinators.
- ICistus ladanifer (i-rockrose encangathi): Isihlahla seMeditera esixhathisa kakhulu sihombisa ngokutyatyamba kwayo kwaye sichuma kumhlaba ompofu, onelanga.
- I-Lonicera etrusca (i-honeysuckle yeMeditera): Umntu onyukayo onexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa obonelela ngevumba elimnandi kwaye etsala izilwanyana zasekhaya.
- Santolina chamaecyparissus (santolina): Ilungele i-xerophytic kunye nezitiya zolondolozo oluphantsi, kunye nokusebenza njengendalo yokugxotha izinambuzane.
- Thymus vulgaris (i-thyme): Isityalo esinevumba elimnandi kumhlaba weMeditera, kulula ukusikhulisa kwaye sinegalelo elixabisekileyo kwizinto eziphilayo.
- IRubus ulmifolius (iqunube): Isityalo sokunyuka esibonelela ngeziqhamo ezityiwayo kunye nekhusi lezilwanyana zasendle, ezicetyiswayo kwiiprojekthi zendalo.
- I-Pistacia lentiscus (umthi wemastic) y ICistus clusii (i-rosemary yamadoda): Izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza zilungele uthango lwendalo kunye nezithintelo ezibonakalayo kwiigadi zasezidolophini.
- I-Digitalis purpurea (foxglove): Iminyaka emibini enexabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa, ilungele ukubonelela ngokuthe nkqo kwiindawo eziluhlaza ezidolophini.
Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka okuhambelana nemithi yasezidolophini
Ngexesha Iingenelo zemithi yasezidolophini azibalekiKukwakho nezithintelo ezithile ekufuneka zilawulwe ngocwangciso nolondolozo olululo. Ezi ziquka:
- I-allergies enokwenzeka ngenxa ye-pollen okanye i-volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions.
- Impembelelo kwiziseko ezingundoqo: iingcambu ezonakalisa iipavumente, iinkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi, okanye iindonga.
- Ukulahleka kwamagqabi, iintyatyambo okanye iziqhamo ezindleleni zeenyawo, okubangela ubumdaka okanye amabala.
- Izinambuzane ezithile okanye izifo ezinokukhula kwi-monocultures okanye ngenxa yokungabikho kweyantlukwano.
- Umngcipheko wokuwa kwamasebe okanye imithi ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezimandundu okanye ukugcinwa kakubi.
Undoqo ekuthinteleni ezi ngxaki kukwahlukahlukana kweentlobo, ulwazi lobugcisa lwabasebenzi abanoxanduva, kunye nongenelelo loluntu olunolwazi noluxhaswa ngemali kakuhle.
Ulawulo, ulondolozo kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yabemi
La Ulawulo lwemithi yasezidolophini luxanduva lwamabhunga esixeko, abafanele baqinisekise ukulondolozwa kakuhle, impilo nokhuseleko lwemithi etyaliweyo. Utyalo-mali lwezemali kunye nokwenziwa ngobungcali beli candelo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila kwemithi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwale nkonzo karhulumente.
La ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi Kubalulekile ukwazisa malunga neenzuzo zohlaza ezidolophini. Ngaphaya koko, ukusebenzisana neengcali, iinkampani zogcino, kunye neengcali ezikhethekileyo ziphucula ukuzinza kunye nobomi obude beendawo eziluhlaza. Ukukhuthaza imfundo ngokusingqongileyo kunye nonxibelelwano nendalo kukhuthaza intlonipho kunye nokukhuselwa kwemithi.
Phakathi kwezindululo zobuchwephesha zezi:
- Vavanya uphuhliso kunye nemo yendalo yomthi ukunqanda ukuthenwa okukhulu kunye neengxabano nezakhiwo.
- Beka phambili ukugrumba kunye nokutshintshwa komhlaba kwimingxuma yemithi ukuqinisekisa i-ankile efanelekileyo kunye nesondlo.
- Kuphephe ukusetyenziswa kakubi konyango lwekhemikhali kunye nokukhuthaza izenzo zothintelo kunye nebhayoloji ngokuchasene nezinambuzane nezifo.
- Ukukhuthaza iyantlukwano yemfuza kunye nokulungelelanisa ngokuziswa kweentlobo ezintsha, emva kovavanyo kunye nokuhlolwa.
Iinkonzo eziphambili zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo zemithi yasezidolophini
- Ukucoca umoya kunye nokubamba i-CO2, igalelo lokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
- Ukunciphisa ubushushu be-ambient ngomthunzi kunye nokuphuma kwamagqabi.
- Ukudalwa kweendawo zokuhlangana kunye nempilo yengqondo kubumi.
- Ukukhuthaza umjikelo we-hydrological edolophini, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezikhukula.
- Inkxaso yokubuyiselwa kwezilwanyana zasendle zasezidolophini kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo ngaphakathi kwendawo eyakhiweyo.
Ubukho be imithi emininzi nangcono Kwimeko-bume yasezidolophini, iqinisa iziseko eziluhlaza, idibanisa iindawo zendalo, kwaye ibonelela ngesixeko esiphilileyo kunye nesomelela ngakumbi. Isitshixo silele cwangcisa kwaye ulawule umthi ngamnye njengomthombo ophilayo noxabisekileyo, ehlangabezana neentswelo zabo nezesixeko nabemi baso. Ukubandakanya iintlobo ezikhethwe kakuhle kunye nokukhuthaza ulwazi lokusingqongileyo kuya kuqinisekisa uhlaza, ukulinganisela, kunye nezixeko zaseSpain ezihlala ngoku kunye nezizukulwana ezizayo.
