Ukhathalelo oluBanzi lweMaple yaseYurophu: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo esiPhezulu

Gqibezela iSikhokelo sokuKhathalela kwiiMaphu zaseYurophu

iimaphu zaseYurophu Ziyimithi yomfuziselo egadini ngenxa yobuhle bayo, imibala yasekwindla edlamkileyo, kunye nokuxhathisa kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ukhathalelo olufanelekileyo aluqinisekisi zabo kuphela impilo y ixesha elide, kodwa kunye negalelo elixabisekileyo le-landscape kuyo nayiphi na igadi okanye indawo eluhlaza.

Iintlobo eziphambili zeemephu zaseYurophu

• I-Acer campestre (imephu eqhelekileyo okanye imephu encinci): Umthi ophakathi, isithsaba esingqukuva kunye isithunzi esishinyeneyoIqinile kakhulu kwaye kulula ukukhula.
• I-Acer platanoides (imephu yasebukhosini okanye imephu yaseNorway): Kuhle ubuhle, isundu namagqabi ajijekileyo. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimihlaba yasezidolophini kunye nezitiya ngobukhulu bayo kunye nomthunzi.
• I-Acer pseudoplatanus (imephu emhlophe okanye umthi wendiza wobuxoki): Iphawulwe ngamagqabi ayo amakhulu, ajijekileyo kunye nesithsaba esibanzi. Ukunyamezela ingqele kunye nongcoliseko.
• IAcer monspessulanum (maple yaseMontpellier): Ukulungelelaniswa nemozulu efudumeleyo kunye nomhlaba owomileyo, amagqabi awo mancinci kwaye anesikhumba.
• IAcer opalus (iAciron okanye imephu yaseItali)Incinci, ilungele iigadi ezincinci. Amagqabi esikhumba kunye nombala orenji wasekwindla.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeemephu zaseYurophu

Iimaphu zeHlabathi eliDala zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokumila, ziqhelana nezitiya ezincinci kunye neendlela ezinkulu. Ziqondwa lula ngu intende yayo, amagqabi ahlala egobile, kunye neziqhamo zabo ezinesimo se-samara ("ihelicopter"). Ngokuqhelekileyo zidubula ekupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa iintyatyambo ezincinci zinokubonwa ziqokelelwe ngamaqela. Imithi yeemaple ikwabonelela ngekhusi kunye nokutya kwizilwanyana zasendle zasekuhlaleni, ngakumbi iinyosi y amabhabhathane, enomungu wokuqala kunye nencindi.

Su ngomthi Ngokuqhelekileyo kucacile kwaye umgangatho ophezulu, uxabiswa kwikhabhinethi, ukwenza izixhobo zomculo kunye nezinto zokuhombisa.

Imozulu efanelekileyo kunye nendawo yeemephu zaseYurophu

Le mithi iyachuma Imozulu eziphakathi, zinyamezela zombini iziqephu ezibandayo neziphakathi zobushushu nembalela kakuhle. Iindidi zomthonyama zePeninsula yase-Iberia kunye neYurophu esembindini zilungele ukoma kwendalo kuneemaphu zaseJapan. Bakhetha iindawo ezigcwele ilanga, nangona zikhula kakuhle semi-isithunzi.

Kwiindawo zeMeditera, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzikhusele elangeni elithe ngqo phakathi ehlotyeni ukuthintela ukutsha kwamagqabi, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezincinci okanye ezisanda kutyalwa. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, zinyamezela iqabaka ngaphandle kweengxaki xa sele zisekiwe.

Umhlaba ofanelekileyo ukutyala iimaphu

Los iimaphu zaseYurophu Abafuni kakhulu ngokohlobo lomhlaba, nangona bewuxabisa umhlaba ochumileyo, otyebileyo izinto eziphilayo kwaye ichithwe kakuhle. Ezinye, njengemaple yaseMontpellier, ziyachuma nakwimihlaba eyomileyo, enekhalcareous, okanye enamatye. Imaple kunye neNorway maple zikhetha umhlaba ofumileyo ngokuphakathi, kodwa zilungelelanise ngokugqibeleleyo kwisubstrates ezihlwempuzekileyo ukuba azinamanzi.

Ukuphucula ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nokukhula, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungiselele umhlaba ngesichumisi esilungileyo ngaphambi kokutyala kwaye ugweme iindawo apho amanzi aqokelelana khona emva kweemvula ezinkulu.

Ukutyala kunye nokufakela iimaphu zaseYurophu

1. Ixesha elilungileyoEkupheleni kobusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo lelona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala okanye ukutshintshwa kweemaphu, njengoko umhlaba uqala ukunyibilika kwaye imvula ikhuthaza ukuhluma okulungileyo.
2. Ukulungiselela umngxumaYomba umngxuma kabini ubukhulu bebhola yengcambu. Yongeza i-compost esele ikhulile okanye i-worms ukutyebisa indawo yeengcambu.
3. UkubekwaSusa umthi kwisikhongozelo kwaye uwubeke kumgangatho ofanayo nanjengoko wawusebhodweni okanye kwitreyi ye nursery. Gcwalisa ngomhlaba kwaye ucinezele kancinci ukuphelisa iipokotho zomoya.
4. Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala: Kufuneka ibe maninzi emva kokutyala. Kubalulekile ukugcina umhlaba ufumile, kodwa ungamanzi.

Ukutshintshwa kwebhonsai

Ukuba uyalima iimaphu njenge bonsaiUkubuyiswa kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuhlaziya i-substrate kunye nokuthintela ukuxinana kweengcambu. Elona xesha lilungileyo lisekupheleni kobusika, xa umthi ulele. Iisubstrates ezicetyiswayo ziquka imixube ye-akadama, i-kiryuzuna, kunye nomhlaba ogqwethiweyo kakuhle.

Ukunkcenkceshelwa kweemephu zaseYurophu

Ukunkcenkceshela yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekunyamekelweni kwe-maple eyimpumelelo. Ngelixa uninzi lwemithi yeemaple inyamezela imbalela ethile, ikhula ngcono kakhulu nge unikezelo lwamanzi rhoqo, ngakumbi ngexesha lokukhula kwayo okusebenzayo kunye nakwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokutyala.

• Entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni: Gcina umhlaba ufumile kancinci. Yandisa amaxesha okunkcenkceshela ngexesha lemozulu eshushu kunye nokunciphisa ukunkcenkcesha ngamaxesha eemvula.
• Ekwindla nasebusika: Nkcenkceshela ngokuphakathi, kuphela xa imbalela yokusingqongileyo iqhubekile kwaye umhlaba ubonakala womile xa uwuchukumisa.

Kuphephe ukugcwala kwamanzi, njengoko oku kunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu. Kwizityalo ezifakwe embizeni, qinisekisa ukuba isikhongozeli sikhupha amanzi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukunkcenkceshela umthi wemaple njenge bonsai

Kwi-bonsai, ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kulawulwe ngakumbi. Sebenzisa amanzi angenayo i-lime ukuze ugweme amabala amagqabi kwaye uzame ukuphosa amahlamvu kwiintsuku ezishushu ukugcina ukufuma.

Ukuchumisa nokuchumisa

Ukugcina a imephu yaseYurophu enamandla, kubalulekile ukuchumisa kabini kumjikelo ngamnye wezityalo:

• Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: Izichumisi ezityebileyo initrogen Bakhuthaza ukukhula kwamasebe kunye namagqabi.
• Ukususela ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuya ekwindla: Izichumisi ezityebileyo kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium zomeleza iingcambu kwaye zilungiselela umthi ebusika.

Izichumiso ezizezinye eziqinileyo ezisebenza ngendalo nezichumisi ezingamanzi ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iintlobo ezivuthulukayo. Kwi-bonsai, ukuchumisa kufuneka kube rhoqo kodwa kugxininiso olusezantsi ukuphepha ukugcwala kwezondlo.

Ukuthena kunye nokuqeqesha imaple yaseYurophu

La ukuthena Kubalulekile kwisakhiwo esomeleleyo, esilungeleleneyo, kunye nobuhle. Kucetyiswa ukuba bazenze:

• Uqeqesho lokuthena: Ekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuphuka kwe-bud. Susa amasebe awonakeleyo, abuthathaka, okanye anqamlezileyo ukukhuthaza i-canopy ehambelanayo.
• Ukuthenwa kwesondlo: Susa amahlumela angafunekiyo, amasebe aphantsi avale indlela okanye ukukhanya, kunye ne-suckers kunye nehlumela lamanzi kwi-trunk.

Khumbula ukucoca izixhobo phambi kokusetyenziswa ngakunye (nge-70% okanye ngaphezulu kwe-isopropyl alcohol) kwaye wenze amanxeba acocekileyo ahambelana nesiqu ukukhuthaza ukuphilisa kunye nokuthintela izifo.

Ukuthena kwi-bonsai

Kwiimaphu ze-bonsai, i incanyathisiwe Ukuthena rhoqo kunceda ukuchaza i-silhouette kunye nokugcina ubungakanani obuncinci. I-Pinching yenziwa ngokusika amahlumela, kushiya amagqabi amabini kuphela kwihlumela ngalinye. Musa ukususa ngaphezu kwekota yehlamvu kwiseshoni enye ukuphepha ukwenza buthathaka umthi.

Ukuphindaphinda nokusasazwa

• Imbewu: I-samaras ekhulileyo ihlwayelwa emva kwexesha lokubanda okubandayo. Zicwilise ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 phambi kokuba uzityale kumandlalo wembewu okhuselweyo.
• Ukusika: Ezinye iimaphu zivumela ukusasazwa ngokusikwa kwemithi ngexesha lentwasahlobo. Sebenzisa i-hormone ye-rooting ukuphucula impumelelo.

Ukusasazwa kwembewu kuvelisa imizekelo emitsha nexhathisayo, nangona ezinye iimpawu zemihlanganiselwa ekhethiweyo zinokulahleka.

Izinambuzane eziphambili, izifo kunye neengxaki

• Iintsholongwane: Zifumaneka kumahlumela amancinci. Ukulawula ngesepha ye-potassium okanye ioli ye-insecticidal.
• Mealybugs: Zinokuvela kumagqabi kunye neziqu, zenza buthathaka umthi. Zisuse ngesandla okanye usebenzise unyango lwe-organic.
• Amakhowa: Ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunokukhuthaza ukukhula kwe powdery mildew okanye i-verticillium wilt. Khuthaza amanzi amdaka kwaye ugalele imichiza yokungunda ukuba umgubo omhlophe okanye amabala amdaka avela.
• Ukubola kweengcambu: Ibangelwa yimihlaba enamanzi. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kwaye uphucule i-substrate drainage.
• I-Verticillium wilt: Ingakumbi ingxaki kwimozulu efumileyo. Yenza ukuthena ngococeko kwaye usebenzise izixhobo ezibulala iintsholongwane.

Iimaphu zaseYurophu ziyimithi eyomeleleyo, kodwa ukubeka iliso rhoqo kunceda ukulindela iingxaki kwaye uzigcine zikwimeko ephezulu.

Ukusetyenziswa kunye nexabiso lokuhombisa

Ukongeza kweyakhe ixabiso lembonakalo yomhlaba, iimaphu zaseYurophu zisetyenziswa kwi:

• Iigadi zasedolophini kunye neendlela: Ngenxa yecanopy yayo eshinyeneyo kunye nenhle yasekwindla.
• Iiheji ezisesikweni: Imaple yentsimi inyamezela ukunqunyulwa kwaye ingenza iiheji ezixineneyo.
• Iigroves kunye nezityalo ezinkulu: Ngokukodwa kwiipaki kunye neendawo zendalo.
• Ukuveliswa kweenkuni: Ukwenziwa kwefenitshala, izixhobo zomculo kunye nemisebenzi yezandla.
• Ukutsalwa kweSap: Iintlobo ezithile, ezifana ne-maple yeswekile (Acer saccharum), zisetyenziselwa ukufumana isiraphu yemaple.

Kwezinye iinkcubeko, i igqabi lemaple Luphawu lwesizwe kwaye lunxulunyaniswa nokufika kwekwindla, ukuzola kunye nokuhlaziywa.

Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lweemephu zaseYurophu ezineembiza

Ukuba ukhetha ukuzikhulisa kwiimbiza, khetha izitya ezinkulu, ezikhupha kakuhle kwaye utshintshe umhlaba rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu. Chuba rhoqo kwaye ujonge ngononophelo ukunkcenkceshela, njengoko ukuphuphuma komphunga kukhawuleza kunasemhlabeni. Zibeke kwiindawo eziqaqambileyo, ugweme iidrafti ezinamandla.

Gcoba amanzi emagqabini ngeentsuku ezomileyo kwaye ukhusele imbiza elangeni elitshisayo ehlotyeni ukunqanda iingcambu zebhola ekutshiseni.

I-Maple Bonsai: Iingcebiso zokuKhula okuPhezulu

Los maple bonsai Zixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yemibala yazo ekhawulezayo yesebe kunye nemibala ebalaseleyo yokuwa. Nazi iindlela ezithile zobuchule:

• Sebenzisa i-aerated substrates (i-akadama kunye ne-kiryuzuna) ukuphepha ukugcinwa kwamanzi amaninzi.
• Ukuchithwa okulawulwayo kunciphisa ubukhulu bamagqabi, ukunika ibhonsai umlinganiselo ongcono.
• Ucingo entwasahlobo okanye ekwindla ukubumba i-silhouette, usebenzisa i-aluminium okanye ucingo lobhedu.
• Tshiza amagqabi ukugcina ukufuma ngexesha lasehlotyeni.
• Khusela kwiqabaka eqatha, ingakumbi imizekelo emincinci.

Usebenza kwi-bonsai kwiindlela zakudala ezifana ne-Moyogi (isiqu esigobileyo), i-Ishizuki (ingcambu phezu kwelitye) kunye ne-Yosu-ue (ihlathi), ethatha inzuzo yokuguquguquka kwemithi ye-maple ukuziqhelanisa neemilo ezahlukeneyo.

Iingcebiso ezongezelelweyo kunye nezinto ezinomdla

• Iimephu zaseYurophu zinokutshintsha umbala ngamaxesha amaninzi ngexesha lonyaka, ukusuka eluhlaza ukuya kwigolide, i-orenji, okanye ibomvu enzulu kuxhomekeke kwiindidi. Ubusazi ukuba ezinye iimaphu zaseJapan nazo zitshintsha umbala?
• Imaple ifaneleke kakuhle ukuveliswa kweveneer yokuhlobisa kwaye iinkuni zayo zixabiswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo olulula.
• Ezinye iintlobo ziyakwazi ukumelana nongcoliseko kunye nobutyuwa, zizimise njengokhetho oluhle kwiindawo zasezidolophini.
• I-Samaras, okanye iziqhamo ezimile okwehelikopta, ziququzelela ukusasazwa kwembewu ngumoya kumgama omde.

Imaphu yaseYurophu, ngenxa yobuhle bayo, ukuguquguquka, kunye nokugcinwa lula, yenye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokutyebisa nayiphi na indawo eluhlaza. Ngokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngononophelo oluthile olusekwe kwimozulu kunye nokusingqongileyo, uya kunandipha umthi oqinileyo, ohonjisiweyo kunye nonamandla amashumi eminyaka.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Gqibezela iSikhokelo soLondolozo lweMithi yeMaple: Ukusuka kwiMaple yaseJapan ukuya kwi-Autumn Blaze