Ukungena kwivenkile yeziqhamo, ubone iitumato ezicocekileyo, ezibomvu nezikhazimlayo, uzithatha uziyise ekhaya, uze ufumanise ukuba azinancasa kangako sele kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Abathengi abaninzi eSpain baye bakwamkela oko. incasa yamanzi kunye nokuthungwa okuthambileyo Ziqhelekile, kodwa eneneni ziziphumo zeminyaka emininzi yokukhethwa okujoliswe kwimveliso nasekuthuthweni, kungekhona incasa.
Okwangoku, kwikona encinci yangaphakathi yesiqithi, iprojekthi yezolimo ibonakalisa ukuba enye indlela yokutya iitumato isenokwenzeka. Ngenxa yomsebenzi womlimi waseCastile, imbewu yetumato ekhuliswe eSoria ngo-1916 Ziye zahluma zaza zavelisa iziqhamo kwakhona phakathi kwexesha lokulima okunzulu, nto leyo evuse umdla wabapheki, iingcali zegastronome kunye nabathandi begadi zemveli.
Ibali leembewu zetamatato ezivela ngo-1916 ezathi azanyamalala
Imvelaphi yale tomato ivuselelweyo ibonakala ngathi ivela ngqo kwi-archive yembali yasemaphandleni. Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, imbewu embalwa yohlobo lweSoria ukususela ngo-1916 Zazigcinwa emakhayeni akuloo ndawo, zisuka kubalimi abanamava ziye kubantwana babo nakubazukulwana babo, amaxesha amaninzi bengazi ngokupheleleyo ngexabiso lemfuza kunye nelokudla ezaziligcina.
Kwimeko apho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo ezixutyiweyo nezithengiswayo ziye zathatha phantse yonke indawo, ezi Imbewu yamandulo yayihlala kwiimvulophu, kwiimbiza nakwiidrowa Ukusuka kwiindawo zokugcina izinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi komhlaba, ngaphandle kweendawo eziphambili zoshishino. Ukungena kwabo kule mihla kwenzeka xa u-Emilio Medina, umlimi oselula wasePalencia nomcimi-mlilo wehlathi, wagqiba ekubeni anikele ngexesha, umhlaba nolwazi ukuze abasindise ekulibalekeni.
Iprojekthi yakhe ayizange iqale kwilebhu, kodwa yaqala emyezweni olawulwa ngoxolo nangendlela efanelekileyo. UMedina uchaza ukuba ingcamango yakhe isekelwe kumjikelo obonakala ulula: hlwayela imbewu yelifa, khetha izityalo ezilungileyoGcina imbewu kwiziqhamo ezinomdla kakhulu kwakhona kwaye uphinde le nkqubo ixesha emva kwexesha, ude ufumane umgca ozinzileyo osondele kakhulu kulowo ubhalwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo.
Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi awupheleli nje ekutyeni nasekulindeni. Ukuze kugcinwe uhlobo oluthile, kubalulekile kuphephe ukuxubana kwembewu yezityalo nezinye iitumato zanamhlanjeOku kufuna ingqalelo ebukhali kumgama, amabala acwangcisiweyo, kunye nokubeka esweni imijikelo yeentyatyambo ukuqinisekisa ukuba umnombo ka-1916 awunciphi, into efuna umonde kunye nokhathalelo oluphantse lube lolwezandla.
Ibhanki yembewu ephilayo: iintlobo ezingaphezu kwewaka ezihlangulweyo
Emva kwale tomato ka-1916 kukho iprojekthi enkulu: ukudalwa kwetamatisi yokwenyani ibhanki yembewu ephilayo esezandleni zabalimiIMedina ibisoloko iqokelela, ngoncedo lwabantu abadala abavela kulo mmandla nakwezinye iindawo zasemaphandleni, imbewu yazo zonke iintlobo zemifuno ezazikhuliswa ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe imbewu eqhelekileyo yokuthengisa.
Njengoko echazile kudliwanondlebe lukanomathotholo, uninzi lwale mbewu walunikwa. abantu abadala abagcina iintlobo zaboidla ngokunxulunyaniswa neegadi zeentsapho zemveli. Ingqokelela yazo sele idlula iwaka leentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiitamati kunye nepepile ukuya kweminye imifuno elungele imozulu eyomileyo kunye nomhlaba onzima.
Umahluko xa uthelekiswa nezinye iibhanki ze-germplasm kukuba ezi mbewu azigcinwa kuphela kwiigumbi okanye kwiikhabhathi zokugcina iifayile. Kwimeko enjalo, Zityalwa rhoqo ukuze zihlale zikhula.ngaloo ndlela ivuselela amandla ayo kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Isiphumo silifa lezolimo eliguqukayo elihlala linxibelelene nomhlaba.
Inkqubo yokuqalisa nayo inecala layo lobuchwephesha. Iibhedi zembewu zilungiselelwa ngaphakathi, kusetyenziswa ithuba Iinkqubo zemveli zokuvelisa ubushushu ezivela emhlabeniNjenge-hypocaust endala, izithole ziphuma kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu kuphela. Emva koko, ziyaqhelana nendalo yangaphandle ukuze zifumane amandla ngaphambi kokuba zityalwe emyezweni wazo osisigxina.
Le modeli yebhanki yembewu yezolimo, esasazwa kwaye inxulunyaniswe neendlela zokulima zokwenyani, iguqula umsebenzi wokubuyisela ube yinto engaphezulu nje kovavanyo olunomdla: iba yinto isixhobo esiqinileyo sokuqinisa ulwahlulo-ntlobo lwezinto eziphilayo kwiigadi zeziqhamo zaseSpainngeentlobo zezityalo ezihlala “ziphila” kuba zihlwayelwa kwaye zivunwa minyaka le.
Nantsi indlela ebonakala ngayo itamatato efunyenwe ngo-1916: inkangeleko, incasa kunye nokuthungwa kwayo
Enye yezinto ezibamangalisa kakhulu abo bazama le tomato evela eSoria, eqala ngo-1916, kukuba Ayibonakali ngathi yitamatisi eqhelekileyo yesupamakethiEsi siqhamo sineemilo ezingalinganiyo, amabala eluswini, nombala obomvu onzulu, ngokungafaniyo nofanayo noweeshelufu zeevenkile ezinkulu. Ngokwembonakalo, sikhumbuza iitumato ezivela kwiigadi zakudala zasezilalini kuneentlobo ezilingana neebhokisi kunye neetreyi.
Ulusu lwayo lucekeceke kakhulu, into ebonakala xa uyichukumisa naxa uyisika. Olu hlobo lobuhle bangaphandle luguqulela ekubeni yindawo yangaphakathi ijusi kakhulu, inomxube ophezulu we-pulp kunye nembewuOku kuyenza ingafanelekanga kuhambo olude okanye ukuhlala ixesha elide kwindawo ebandayo. Kuchasene ngqo noko kufunwa lizolimo ezinkulu, kodwa kufanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza, kwasekuhlaleni.
Ngokuphathelele iipropati ze-organoleptic, uhlalutyo olwenziweyo lubonisa ukuba kukho i-lycopene kunye nomthamo weswekile yendalo uphezulu kunoweentlobo ezininzi zanamhlanjeXa uluma kuyo, imvakalelo ifana ne-asidi ecacileyo, elungelelaniswe nobumnandi bendalo obugcwalisa umlomo kwaye ikhumbuza ezo tumato ezininzi ezinxulunyaniswa nobuntwana okanye nokupheka kootatomkhulu noomakhulu babo.
Abapheki abasebenze ngale mveliso bayichaza njengetamatisi "eyahlukileyo." Ayikokuphela nje kokuba inencasa engakumbi, kodwa ikwayinto iprofayili yencasa eyahlukileyo, kunye neengongoma ezilahlekileyo njengoko ukhetho lwemizi-mveliso lubeka phambili ubulukhuni, ukufana, kunye nexesha lokuphelelwa kwesidlo ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into. Lo mahluko yiwo obangela umdla omkhulu kwi-haute cuisine.
Ngenxa yeempawu zayo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuyonwabela ilula: inqunqiwe, ityiwe ngetyuwa kunye neoyile yomnquma emnandi. Iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo kuye nabani na okwaziyo ukuyifumana yile, Ukuba ifakwe efrijini, ezinye zevumba layo ziyalahleka.Ukuyigcina kubushushu begumbi iintsuku ezimbalwa kwaye uyitye kungekudala kukuvumela ukuba uyiqonde ngokupheleleyo indlela esebenza ngayo.
Amandla omhlaba kunye nemozulu: ezolimo ezilungelelaniswe nommandla
Impumelelo yokuvuselela le tomato ka-1916 ayibangelwanga yimfuza kuphela. Indawo engqongileyo ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo. Indawo engaphakathi apho ikhuliswe khona, ukuphakama, umhlaba wodongwe kunye notshintsho olukhulu kubushushu Phakathi kwemini nobusuku, inyanzela isityalo ukuba sigxininise izondlo kunye neekhemikhali ezinuka kamnandi kwisiqhamo ukuqinisekisa ukuba siyazala.
Olu "xinzelelo" olulawulwayo lubangela ukuba kube nzima ukuliphinda incasa kwindawo yokugcina izityalo elawulwa ngokupheleleyo yimozulu. Umlimi ngokwakhe ugxininisa ukuba Iindidi zemveli abazilawulayo zilungele imbalela kunye namaza obushushuOku kubaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yotshintsho lwemozulu olufunyanwa yiYurophu, ingakumbi i-Iberian Peninsula.
Ulawulo lwezolimo nalo lwenza umahluko: kwezi ploti Akukho zibulali-zinambuzane zokwenziwa okanye izichumisi ezinobungozi ezisetyenziswayo.Kunoko, kugxilwe ekujikelezisweni kwezityalo, kwizinto eziphilayo, kunye neendlela ezingasebenzisi mpembelelo ingako. Ingcinga kukugcina umhlaba uphila kwaye ulungelelene, ukuze izityalo zikwazi ukubonakalisa ngcono iimpawu zazo zendalo.
Le ndlela idibana nomkhwa okhulayo kwezolimo zaseYurophu: ukubuyiselwa kwimeko yesiqhelo iintlobo zemveli zasekuhlaleni njengesixhobo sokhuseleko lokutyaNgokwandisa ukwahlukahlukana kwezakhi zofuzo zezityalo, iingozi ezinxulumene nomzekelo osekelwe kwiintlobo ezimbalwa ezisasazekileyo, ezinokubonisa ukuba sesichengeni esiphezulu sezinambuzane okanye isifo esifanayo, ziyancitshiswa.
UMedina ugxininisa ukuba Imbewu evela kummandla ngamnye inobume bayo. Isiphumo samashumi eminyaka—okanye iinkulungwane—sokuziqhelanisa. Ukuzigcina akusiyonto yokukhumbula izinto zakudala nje kuphela, kodwa licebo lokuba izityalo zilungelelaniswe ngcono nomhlaba othile kunye nemozulu yendawo nganye, into enokwenza umahluko omkhulu xa iimeko zemozulu zimbi kakhulu.
Imfuno ekhulayo, imveliso encinci, kunye nexabiso lokunqongophala
Njengakwiimveliso ezininzi ezikhethekileyo, Ubungakanani obufumanekayo bale tomato yango-1916 buncinci kakhuluIndawo elinywayo incinci kwaye indlela ethambileyo yesiqhamo ngokwayo yenza kube nzima ukucinga ngokutsiba kwangoko ukuya kwimveliso enkulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa zezinye zezinto ezenza sibe sikhethekileyo.
Oku kungalingani phakathi kokunikezelwa kwempahla kunye nemfuno kubonakala nakwixabiso. Ixabiso ngekhilogram alikho kangako kwiintengiso ezibonwa kwiivenkile ezinkulu, kodwa kukho okungakumbi kunoko kubonakala emehlweni. utyalo-mali olukhulu lwexesha, ukhetho, kunye nokuphathwa okuthileNgaphezu kokuba yimveliso nje, abaninzi bayijonga njengesiqwenga selifa lokupheka elibuyele etafileni.
Le nto ikwakhuthaza nabanye abalimi ukuba bajonge ngokutsha ii-attic zabo kunye neebhini zokugcina izinto. Umzekelo wetamatato ka-1916 obuyela kwimarike kwinkulungwane yama-21 ubonisa ukuba Imbewu elibalekileyo inokuba lithuba lezoqoqosho nelenkcubekoingakumbi kwiindawo zasemaphandleni ezifuna iindlela ezintsha zophuhliso ezinxulumene nomgangatho kunye nobuwena bendawo.
Okwangoku, inyani yile yokuba ithuba lokuzama le tomato lincinci. Xa isizini iphela, imveliso iyanyamalala kwakhona kude kube ngunyaka olandelayo, isikhumbuzo sokuba ixesha lonyaka lisalawula kakhulu kwezolimo zokwenyani, nangona kukho imvakalelo yokufumaneka rhoqo okudalwe ziindlela zokubonelela ngeenkonzo zehlabathi.
Utshintsho lwembono ngeetamatato kunye neegadi zemifuno zemveli
Ukufunyanwa kwezi mbewu zetamatato ukususela ngo-1916 kuhambelana nentshukumo ebanzi eyenzeka eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu: into ethile ukudinwa malunga nokuhambelana kweemveliso ezisemgangathweni kunye nokukhangela ukutya okunembali, ubuntu, kunye nonxibelelwano oluthe ngqo nomhlaba. Abathengi abasanelisekanga bubuninzi nje; bafuna umgangatho kunye nobunyani.
Kule meko, amanyathelo afana neMedina asebenza njengesikhumbuzo esisebenzayo soko kunokufunyanwa xa umntu etyala imali... ukulima izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nolwazi lwabalimi abanamavaAkupheleli nje ekuthandeni izinto zothando, kodwa kukwakho neenkqubo zokulima ezihlala ixesha elide, ezineentlobo ezikwaziyo ukumelana nokunqongophala kwamanzi okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezifakwa ngaphandle.
Zikwasinyanzela ukuba sicinge ngokutsha ngezinye iingcamango ezicingelwayo malunga "nenkqubela phambili" yezolimo. Umlimi ngokwakhe uyavuma ukuba iitumato zakhe Azinanto yakwenza nezo zifumaneka rhoqo kwiishelufu zeevenkile.Akukho ngembonakalo okanye emva kokuvuna. Zibuthathaka ngakumbi kwaye azifanelekanga kangako kwiindlela ezinde zokuhambisa izinto, kodwa ngenxa yoko zinika amava okungcamla awayecinga ukuba alahlekile.
Kwiindawo zasemaphandleni, olu hlobo lweeprojekthi luvula amathuba okufumana iimodeli zophuhliso apho ixabiso elongezelelweyo livela ekubeni lodwa, kungekhona ubungakanani. Itamatisi ka-1916, imbotyi yasekuhlaleni, okanye uhlobo lwepepile oluphantse lwalibaleka lunokuba iimpawu zokuchonga izinto zegastronomic ekwaziyo ukutsala ukhenketho, ukuvelisa uqoqosho oluncinci nokuqinisa ukuzingca ngegadi yakho.
Ekugqibeleni, ukubuyiselwa kwezi mbewu kushiya umbono ocacileyo: kwixesha leevenkile ezinkulu ezixineneyo kunye neeshelufu ezifanayo, itamati elula ekhuliswe ngemfuza kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo Ibeka umngeni kulwalamano lwethu nokutya kwemihla ngemihla. Kwaye iphakamisa umbuzo ongathandekiyo kodwa oyimfuneko: wakuba uyazi ukuba incasa yetamatisi efana nale injani, kunzima ukubuyela kuloo ncasa ingenancasa, nengathandekiyo abaninzi abayijonga njengeqhelekileyo.