Ehlabathini lokulima Kukho intabalala yeengcebiso ezidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana eziyinxalenye ye iintsomi zokulimaezithi, nangona zineenjongo ezintle, zibe sisiqalekiso esithe cwaka kwizityalo zakho.
Uninzi lwezi ngcebiso luvela emlonyeni, kumava ahlukeneyo, okanye ukutolikwa ngendlela engafanelekanga kweyona nto ifunekayo yezityalo. Isiphumo kukuba i-cocktail yezenzo ezibonakala zisengqiqweni kodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zibangela uxinzelelo, izifo, kunye nokufa kwiimbiza, iigadi, kunye neentyatyambo.
Ejongene nale tangle yeentsomi kunye nesiqingatha-inyanisoKufanelekile ukuba unqumame, uqwalasele, kwaye uthelekise. Kanye njengokuba kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, okanye intlangano yentlalo, ekulimeni kukwakho "iintetho zokuzikhukhumeza": iinkcazo eziphindaphindiweyo ngaphandle kwedatha, umxholo, okanye ukuphulaphula abo bajongana nengxaki yonke imihla.
Kula macandelo alandelayo, siza kulungisa iziqwenga ezintathu eziphambili "zeengcebiso ezidumileyo" eziyonakalisa iigadi. Siza kukwenza oko ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu, sizoba kumava asebenzayo kunye nemfuno yezigqibo ezinolwazi, hayi ukuhlamba eluhlaza. Ukuze uphonononge ngakumbi le miba, bona amanye amanqaku [kwisihloko esilahlekileyo]. Iintsomi kunye neenyaniso malunga nokulima.
Intsomi 1: “Okukhona amanzi amaninzi, kokukhona sikhula ngcono isityalo”
Enye yezona mpazamo ezenziwa rhoqo kwigadi yasekhaya Kucinga ukuba ukunkcenkceshela okuninzi kunye nokuqhubekayo kuhambelana nothando kunye nokunyamekela okulungileyo. Le ntsomi ixhaphake njengezo zithembiso zezopolitiko "zoncedo olungakumbi kumntu wonke" ukuba iibhanki kamva zikhanyela kwifestile yomthengisi: kwiphepha livakala kakuhle, kodwa ekusebenzeni ngumgibe. Iingcambu zifuna amanzi, ewe, kodwa kunye neoksijini; zilumkele iingcambu Ibalulekile. Xa i-substrate ihlala inamanzi, iingcambu ziyancipha kwaye ziqala ukubola.
Oku kunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo Ichaphazela ngakumbi abo bahamba ngamaxesha anzima: abantu abadala, abantu abanexhala, iintsapho ezinexesha elincinane elihlawulela ukungabikho kwabo "ngokunkcenkceshela kakhulu xa bekwazi." Kufana nemigaqo-nkqubo ethile yentlalontle ebhengezwa ngomdla omkhulu ize ke isilele ukufikelela kwabo bayidingayo: injongo ilungile, kodwa ukuphunyezwa kutshabalalisa eyona ilaphu ebecetyelwe ukuyikhusela. Kwimeko yezityalo, into yokuqala yokuwohloka yinkqubo yeengcambu, isiseko sayo yonke into.
Xa i-substrate ifumile ngokusisigxina Oku kudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zefungi ye-pathogenic kunye neebhaktheriya. Ekuboneni kokuqala, isityalo sinokubonakala sibunjiwe okanye siphuzi, kwaye umgcini-gadi we-novice uchaza oku njengokungabikho kwamanzi, ukuphinda umjikelo wokunkcenkceshela kunye nokwandisa ingxaki. Kuyafana kakhulu nabanikazi bezindlu mboleko abathi, benyanzeliswa yinkqubo yezemali, bacele ikhredithi eyongezelelekileyo yokuplaga umngxuma othe inkqubo ngokwayo yandisiwe: "uncedo" ngalunye olucwangciswe kakubi lubatshonisa nzulu kancinci.
Into ephambili kukufunda ukufunda i-substrate kunye nesityaloAyizizo zonke iintlobo ezifuna ukunkcenkceshela okufanayo okanye zigcina amanzi ngokulinganayo. Umzekelo, ukuphikisa i iintsomi malunga necacti Ukuwuqonda lo mahluko kuyanceda: Isihlahla seMeditera esisemhlabeni asinazo iimfuno ezifanayo nezityalo ezishinyeneyo kwimbiza encinci. Ngaphezu koko, ixesha lonyaka, ukukhanya kwelanga, umoya, kunye nokwakheka komhlaba (udongwe, isanti, ubutyebi bezinto eziphilayo) kuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo imeko. Ukuzama ukusebenzisa umgaqo oqhelekileyo onje "amanzi yonke imihla" yindlela nje yokujongana nentlekele.
Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kusekelwe kwingqalelo, kungekhona ixhala.Ukufaka umnwe emhlabeni, ukuphakamisa imbiza ukuva ubunzima bayo, ukujonga ukuba amagqabi ayathopha ngamaxesha athile kwaye aphinde abuyele emva kwemini… ezi zizalathisi ezithembekileyo kunayo nayiphi na ishedyuli engqongqo. Umntu osebenza egadini olungileyo ufana nommelwane othabatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso yasekuhlaleni kunomphathiswa ogcwalisa iifomu: bayaphulaphula, batolike, baze balungelelanise, endaweni yokulandela ngokumfamekileyo umthetho olandelwayo.
Ngaphaya koko, indima yamaxesha embalela engephi kufuneka iqondwe. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, eminye imithi kunye nezihlahla zityatyambile okanye iziqhamo zingcono emva kwexesha lokunkcenkceshela okuncitshisiweyo, nto leyo esebenza njengomqondiso wokuqalisa iinkqubo eziphambili ze-physiological. Kanye njengeeprojekthi zoluntu, uxinzelelo olulawulwayo lunokusebenzisa izixhobo zangaphakathi kwaye zomeleze ulwakhiwo, ngaphandle kokuba aluweli umgca lube kumonakalo ongenakuguqulwa.
Intsomi yesi-2: "Ngesichumiso sekhemikhali veki nganye uya kuba nezityalo ezimangalisayo"
Elinye icebiso elenza umonakalo omkhulu kunokulunga Kukutyekela ekusebenziseni izichumisi zekhemikhali ezikhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ziqinisekile ukuba "okukhona ndiyinika, kokukhona kuya kuba ngcono." Le ndlela yokujonga kufutshane isikhumbuza imigaqo-nkqubo ye-neoliberal ethembisa ukukhula ngokukhawuleza ngamatyala: kunokubakho ukonyuswa kokuqala, kodwa iindleko ezifihliweyo zikhulu kakhulu, kwaye ekugqibeleni zihlawulwe ngabo bangenaxanduva. Emhlabeni, owokuqala ukubandezeleka zi-microorganisms ezigcina ukuchuma kokwenene kwe-substrate.
Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezichumisi ezinyibilikayo Iphazamisa ulungelelwaniso lwezondlo kunye netyuwa emhlabeni. Iingcambu ziphantsi kobume bemichiza enobundlobongela ethi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, inciphise isakhono sazo sokufunxa amanzi kunye neeminerali. Ukuxhomekeka kukhula: ukuba le "dosi yekhemikhali" ayisabonelelwa, isityalo siyasokola ngenxa yokuba umhlaba awusasebenzi njengendawo ephilayo ye-ecosystem kodwa njengenkxaso nje engasebenziyo. Yingcinga efanayo ekhokelela abatyalwayo abaninzi ukuba baqokelele imali-mboleko: ngaphandle kwenkxaso-mali yangaphandle, akukho nto inokugcinwa.
Abalimi abaninzi basekhaya baxhomekeke kwipakethe. apho "iintyatyambo eziqhumayo" okanye "ukukhula okuqinisekisiweyo" kuthenjisiwe, ngaphandle kokufunda umbhalo ocacileyo malunga nobuninzi kunye nedosi. Njengoko kwenzekile kwimimiselo ethile yemali-mboleko enyanzelisa umtyali ukuba abuyise nkqu nenkxaso-mali efunyenweyo xa athe wahlutha, kukho iimeko eziyityhefu ezifihliweyo emva kokukhazimla kwesithembiso. Egadini, le tyhefu iguqulela ibe ngamagqabi atshiswe ziityuwa ezigqithisileyo, ukungalingani phakathi kwenitrogen, iphosphorus, nepotassium, kunye nokuba sesichengeni esikhulu kwizitshabalalisi nezifo.
Enye indlela ibandakanya ukuqonda umhlaba njengento eqhelekileyo Kufuneka ilawulwe ngemigaqo yozinzo, hayi ngokugxila kwingeniso ekhawulezayo. Kanye njengokuba amanye amaqela ezindlu ezilawulwa ngokwawo ekhuthaza indlela eyahlukileyo yokwakha izixeko, enye enenkxaso ngakumbi kwaye ingaphantsi kobutyebi bezemali, ekulimeni sinokukhetha izichumisi eziphilayo, umgquba, ukugquma, kunye nokujikeleziswa kwezityalo okondla umhlaba ngesantya esihambelana nobomi obuxhasayo.
Dibanisa umgangatho wezinto eziphilayo (umgquba osele ukhulile, umgquba obole kakuhle, iintsalela zesityalo esisikiweyo; oonokrwece bamaqandaIphucula ubume bomhlaba, yandise umthamo wawo wokugcina amanzi ngaphandle kokugcwala kwamanzi, kwaye ikhuthaza uluntu olwahlukeneyo lwentsholongwane. Olu phuculo alubonakali ngobusuku nje obunye, njengokuba iprojekthi yoluntu enzulu ingavavanywa liphulo lentengiso, kodwa ziziphumo eziqokelelwe kwiminyaka yokusebenza ezolileyo.
Kukwabubulumko ukuzilumkela izicombululo ezingummangaliso. Bathembisa "ukuvusa" nasiphi na isityalo esinemveliso elula. Akukho nto ithatha indawo yokuxilongwa ngokunyanisekileyo: ezinye izityalo zonakaliswe kakhulu kwaye aziyi kuphinda zibuyiselwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuba singakanani isichumisi esisetyenzisiweyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, into esengqiqweni onokuyenza kukwamkela ilahleko, ufunde koko kwenzekileyo, uze uyilungise ngokutsha igadi okanye igadi yeziqhamo ukuze kuthintelwe iimeko ezimbi ezifanayo ukuba zingaphindi ziphinde zivele.
Ekugqibeleni, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa ukuthathwa kwezakhamzimba kumjikelo wobomi wohlobo ngalunye. Akukho ngqiqweni ukuchumisa kakhulu ngexesha le-dormancy yasebusika okanye ukufaka ngokungakhethiyo initrogen kwizityalo esele zibuthathaka ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya okanye uxinzelelo lwamanzi. Bekuya kufana nokunyanzela umntu ogulayo ukuba asebenze iiyure ezinde endaweni yokujongana noonobangela bokugula kwakhe. Ukuchumisa okufanelekileyo kunobuchule, kuthozamile, yaye kulungelelaniswa ngokusondeleyo neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zesityalo ngasinye.
Intsomi yesi-3: "Indalo iyazikhathalela, akukho mfuneko yokucwangcisa nantoni na"
Mhlawumbi eyona ntsomi iyingozi kuzo zonke Luhlobo lokucinga oluthi luzenze intlonipho ngokupheleleyo kwindalo ukuthethelela ukungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Uhlala uva, "andiyi kuchukumisa nantoni na, vumela umyezo ube wasendle," njengokungathi ukungahoywa okulula kuhambelana nokulinganisela kwendalo. Kanye njengokuba kwezopolitiko zasekhaya, ukushiya yonke into "kwimikhosi yentengiso" kudala iindawo ezingalinganiyo kunye namabhanti entlupheko, ukushiya indawo eyenziwe ngumsebenzi wabantu ngaphandle kokucwangciswa kunqabile ukuba kuphele kakuhle.
Iigadi zasezidolophini kunye nemiyezo ayiyonkqubo yendalo enyuluZidla ngokwakhiwa kumhlaba osele wonakalisiwe, wonakaliswe, okanye uguqulwe kakhulu kulwakhiwo. Kukho ubugoxo bokwakha, ukuxinwa koomatshini abanzima, amanzi angalawulwa kakuhle, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, imbali ende yezigqibo ezigwenxa eziye zashiya uphawu lwazo. Ukwenza ngathi "indalo iya kuyilungisa" ngaphandle kokungenelela okuncinci okulinganayo nemigaqo-nkqubo yezindlu ezilawulwayo-oko kukuthi, imigaqo-nkqubo equlunqwe ngabo bahlala emajukujukwini-kukuphosa iliso kwizinto eziphathekayo zomhlaba.
Isitiya esizinzileyo sidinga ukucwangciswa nokuthatha inxaxhebaNjengamaqela okufunda abemi ahlalutya izixeko zala maxesha eYurophu, eAfrika, naseLatin America, abalimi kufuneka baqwalasele, bazibandakanye nemeko engqongileyo, kunye noyilo. Kufuneka bafunde ukuqhelana nendawo, ukuhamba kwelanga, icala lomoya, iindawo ezibaleka amanzi emvula, ukuba kufutshane kwemithi emikhulu ekhuphisana ngemithombo… Konke oku kuyinxalenye yenkqubo yoxilongo apho nakuphi na ukutyala kube yiminqweno nje.
Izixeko ezininzi zikhuthaze iiprojekthi "zozakha ngokuluhlaza". Ngokufanayo namanyathelo okwakhiwa kwezindlu ezisebenzisanayo, ezi projekthi zibandakanya abamelwane abaququzelela ukuguqula iindawo ezilahliweyo zibe ziipaki, uphahla lwezindlu zibe ziigadi, okanye iibhedi ezingahoywanga zibe ziindawo ezincinci zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo. Ezi nkqubo azizenzekelanga kwaye azikho zomlingo: zifuna imithetho kamasipala, iindibano, uxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo, ulawulo lwemali ngokwedemokhrasi, kunye neenzame ezizinzileyo ezidlulela ngaphaya kwe-photo op yokuqala.
Kwigadi yasekhaya, olu cwangciso luguqulela Ukukhetha iintlobo ezilungelelaniswe nemozulu yendawo, ukudibanisa iileya (imithi, izihlahla, i-perennials, isigqubuthelo somhlaba) ukudala i-microclimates, ukuseka iindawo ezinomthunzi kunye nelanga, kunye nokulindela ukukhula kwexesha elizayo ukuphepha ukungqubuzana kwendawo yonke into ebalulekileyo. Ukuvumela yonke into ikhule ingaqwalaselwanga kunokukhokelela kwii-ghettos zezityalo zokwenene: izityalo ezihlaselayo ezixinzelela ngaphandle ezibuthathaka, ezifana nezithile. izityalo ezizityalayoImithi emiswe kakubi eyonakalisa izakhiwo okanye iingcambu, ikhuphisana ngokuqatha ngokunqaba kwamanzi.
Ukungahoywa kwakhona kuvula umnyango wezinambuzane kunye neengxaki zempilo.Uthango olungathenwanga luqokelela iinkuni ezifileyo, indawo efanelekileyo yokukhuselwa kumngundo kunye nezinambuzane ezisebenza ngamaplanga; umthombo ongakhathalelwanga uba yindawo ezizalela kuyo iingcongconi; ingca engachetywanga ingena ezindleleni kwaye igqume iintlobo ezinomdla ezithi zinyamalale ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya. Kanye njengokuba izikhewu zamandla koomasipala zixhatshazwa luthungelwano lwabaxhasi okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo, izikhewu zolawulo kwiipaki nezitiya zizaliswe yimibutho engenelelayo engazimiselanga ukulungelelanisa.
Loo nto ayithethi ukuba siwele kwikhondo elahlukileyo. Kunokuba ujike umyezo ube liziko lomkhosi, eligqabi ngalinye lilawulwa kwaye zonke iintyatyambo zilinganiswe ukuya kutsho kwimilimitha, ukuthabatheka ngocwangco olupheleleyo kudinisa kanye njengokungahoywa. Undoqo kukufumana indawo ephakathi, enemithetho ecacileyo kodwa ebhetyebhetye, izithuba zenkululeko ephantsi kweliso, kunye nendawo yokulinga. Kwintsimi yemifuno, umzekelo, unokushiya ikona yeentyantyambo zasendle kwi-pollinators ngaphandle kokuncama ukujikeleza okunengqiqo kwezityalo eziphambili.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwawo onke amalungu osapho Ikwasisitshixo. Kanye njengokuba iindibano zasebumelwaneni zinika ilizwi kubantu basetyhini, ulutsha, nakumaqela aqhele ukuvalelwa imilomo, egadini kubalulekile ukuba abantwana, abantu abadala, nabantu abakhubazekileyo bakwazi ukuvakalisa izimvo zabo kwaye benze iingcebiso. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu onokushukumiseka okulinganiselweyo unikezela ngowona mbono ulungileyo wokusebenzisa indlela yokupasa okanye yokufaka ibhentshi apho ngaphambi kokuba kukho ikona efileyo kuphela.
Ukuya kwigadi enobulungisa, esempilweni kwaye enokuhlaleka ngakumbi
Ukuba kukho into enye esifundiswa ngayo ngamava emibutho yabemi Abo balwela izindlu ezisemgangathweni, iinkonzo zikawonke-wonke, okanye uhlaziyo lwasezidolophini bayaqonda ukuba iinguqulelo ezinzulu aziphumi phezulu okanye kunyango olungummangaliso: ziphunyezwa kancinane, ngokudibanisa ulwazi, intsebenziswano, nokuzigxeka. Kunjalo ke nasekulimeni isitiya. Iintsomi ezintathu eziphambili esiye sazihlolisisa—ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithiseleyo, ukufaka isichumiso ngaphandle kokuthintelwa, nokutyeshela isithuba ngokuthembela kwindalo engabonakaliyo—ziluncedo kuba zibonakala zizicombululo ezilula kwiingxaki ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa uncedo lwazo luyinkohliso.
Ukwakha igadi ephilayo ngokwenene kwaye ezinzileyo Kuthetha ukwamkela ukuba asinazo zonke iimpendulo, ukuba siza kwenza iimpazamo, kwaye ezinye izityalo ziya kulahleka endleleni. Ukubuyisela, sifumana into ebaluleke kakhulu: ithuba lokufunda kuyo yonke impazamo, ukulungelelanisa ukunkcenkceshela oko kufunwa ngumhlaba ngokwenene, ukondla umhlaba ngaphandle kokubambisa ikamva lawo, ukuyila izithuba ezifana ngokusondeleyo ukuba singubani kwaye sifuna ukuba ngubani njengoluntu kunokuba ikhathalogu yevenkile yokuthenga.
Ngaloo nkqubo, umyezo uyayeka ukuba ngumhlobiso nje kwaye ube yilabhoratri yobumi, ummandla omncinci apho umntu angaziqhelanisa naloo mxube woxanduva, ubumbano kunye nengqiqo efunekayo ngaphaya kocingo.
