El Imephu yaseJapan ibe yenye yeentlobo ze ixabiso elikhulu lokuhombisa kwigadi, iitesi kunye neendawo eziluhlaza kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yombala wayo ongaqhelekanga wephalethi kunye ne ezahlukeneyo iimilo kunye nobukhulu Ikhono layo lokuguqula i-landscapes kungekhona nje ekwindla, xa iithoni zayo ezibomvu kunye negolide zinemibala yegadi, kodwa unyaka wonke, yenza ukuba ibe yinyani yebhotani. ukuziqhelanisa nemozulu neendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulula kokugcinwa kwayo kukhuthaze ukubonakala rhoqo kwemihlanganisela emitsha, yenze ukuba iyantlukwano yayo iphantse ibenasiphelo.
Okwangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba zikho Ngaphezulu kwewaka iintlobo ezibhalisiweyo kunye nemihlanganisela yemaple yaseJapan, enikezela ngeendlela ezininzi zokufumana umthi ogqibeleleyo ngokwesitayile segadi, imozulu yendawo okanye umbala kunye nokumila okukhethiweyo. Ukusuka iisampuli ezincinci zebhonsai Ukusuka kwimithi enobungakanani obuphakathi enokuthi ibe sembindini woqwalaselo kwiindawo ezivulekileyo, iimephu zaseJapan zinomdla ngamagqabi azo esundu, ubume bazo obuhle kunye nembewu yazo ephiko, ebizwa ngokuba iisamaraNgezantsi, sijonga nzulu kwiindidi eziphambili, iintlobo, kunye nemihlanganisela yemephu yaseJapan, kunye neengcebiso zengcali malunga nokukhula nokukhetha, kunye nokujonga ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunye neenyani ezinomdla.
Imvelaphi, imbali kunye neentlobo eziphambili zemephu yaseJapan
Xa sithetha ngazo Imephu yaseJapan, sibhekisela kwiindidi ze-genus Acer isuka ikakhulu kwi iindawo ezineentaba zaseJapan, eTshayina naseKorea. Phakathi kwezona zibalulekileyo zezi:
- Acer palmatum: Olona hlobo lwaziwayo kunye nesiseko seentlobo ezininzi zemihlanganisela yorhwebo.
- Acer japonicum: Ixabiseke ngobunzulu kunye nelobule yamagqabi ayo.
- I-Acer shirasawanum: Idume ngecultivars zayo ezityheli kunye neemilo ezixineneyo.
- I-Acer pseudosieboldianum: Ixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yokumelana kwayo nokubanda.
Kwindawo yazo yendalo, iimephu zaseJapan Zikhula kwiindawo ezithambekileyo kunye namahlathi axubeneyo, ezihlala zinxulunyaniswa nezinye iintlobo zamagqabi avuthulukayo njenge birch, beech kunye ne alder, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zikhetheke. umhlaba ochumileyo, otsalwe kakuhle otyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo. la semi-isithunzi Yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo, kuba kwiimeko zokukhanya okuthe ngqo kunye nomoya owomileyo banokutshiswa kwamagqabi. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kwimozulu kubavumela ukuba bamelane ubusika obubandayo kunye nehlobo elipholileyo nelifumileyo, kwaye ezinye iindidi zide zinyamezele amaqondo obushushu asezantsi -15 °C kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphezu kwama-30 °C, ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlanganiselwa.
Ukufika kweemaphu zaseJapan eYurophu kuqale kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, nangona e-Asiya bezilinywa ngokuhonjiswa kangangeenkulungwane kumabhotwe, iitempile, kunye nezitiya zemveli, apho ziluphawu lokuzola, ubuhle, kunye nobuhle bexesha elidlulileyo lotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka.
Ukuhlelwa kwamaqela eemephu zaseJapan kunye nemihlanganisela
Ukwahlukana okumangalisayo kwemibala, ukumila kwamagqabi, kunye nokukhula kweemephu zaseJapan kubangele ulwahlulo lwamaqela okanye iintsapho ezivunyiweyo ziingcali kunye nemibutho yehlabathi efana neMaple Society. Ngezantsi, sikubonisa i amaqela aphambili ecultivar kwaye zithini iimpawu zayo ezahlukileyo:
- Ukuhlawulwa: Oku kuquka zonke iimaphu ezime nkqo ezinamagqabi amfusa-bomvu ixesha elininzi lonyaka, njenge 'Bloodgood' okanye 'Fireglow'. Zikulungele ukubonelela ngokungafaniyo okubukhali kwigadi.
- UAureum: Imihlanganiselwa enamagqabi adubula tyheli okanye iorenji entlakohlaza, ajike abe luhlaza ngekalika ehlotyeni. 'Katsura', 'Summergold', kunye 'neJordan' zigqamile.
- Ukusasazwa: Iimaphu ezinamagqabi ahlulwe ngokunzulu phantse ukuya kwisiseko, kunye nembonakalo yefiligree kunye nembonakalo yokulila. Imizekelo: 'Garnet', 'Viridis', nangona i-'Seiryu' inenkangeleko ethe tye kwaye ihlukile.
- Convexum: Iphawulwa ziilobe zamagqabi ezigobileyo ezijonge ezantsi, njenge 'Trompenburg'.
- I-Variegated / Variegatum: Amagqabi ahonjiswe ngamachokoza, imida okanye amachaphaza kwimithunzi emhlophe, ekhrimu kunye nepinki, njenge 'Butterfly' okanye 'Uki-gumo'.
- ICoralinum: Zibonisa iithowuni ezipinki eziqaqambileyo xa zihluma, njenge 'Deshojo'.
- Iinkuni eziBomvu: Iindidi ezinamaxolo esebe abomvu nzulu, njenge "Sango Kaku" edumileyo okanye 'Idangatye laseBusika'.
- Linearilobum: Zizohlulwe ngeelobe zazo ezinde, ezimxinwa, ezifana neribhoni, njenge 'Koto-no-ito'.
- Matsumurae: Amagqabi amakhulu, i-7 ukuya kwi-9 lobed, engahlulwanga ngokunzulu njengaleyo ye-dissectum. Umzekelo: 'Soma-no-kawa'.
- Krispum: Amagqabi amancinci, ashwabeneyo anamacala amahlanu, ahlala ehlangene. Enye yezona ziyaziwa kakhulu 'yiShishigashira'.
- IMarginatum: Iqela elingaphantsi leeyahlukeneyo, kodwa kuphela ngemida eyahlulwe ngokucacileyo, njenge 'Butterfly'.
- I-Reticulatum: Zinemithambo enemibala ephawulekayo kwaye ihluke kwigqabi lonke. Umzekelo: 'Aka-shigitatsu-sawa'.
- Sessilifolium: Amagqabi amahlanu-lobed, nokuba yi-petiole-ngaphantsi okanye encinci kakhulu. 'I-Beni-hagaromo' ngumzekelo ophawulekayo.
- Amagqwirha Broom: Imihlanganiselwa enokukhula okuxinene kakhulu kunye nomkhwa weglowubhu, kunye ne-lobes yamagqabi ancitshisiweyo. Umzekelo: 'Carlis Corner Broom'.
- IPalmatum: Iquka iicultivars ezinamacembe esundu ngaphandle kweempawu ezithile ezigxininisiweyo, iindidi ezisisiseko zeegadi ezininzi.
Iipateni ezahlukeneyo zamagqabi kunye nemibala ivumela ukuyilwa kwembonakalo-mhlaba eguqukayo ngokwenyani elungiselelwe amaxesha onyaka kunye nendawo.
Iintlobo eziphambili, iintlobo kunye neentlobo zeemephu zaseJapan
Acer palmatum
El Acer palmatum Yeyona ntlobo ilinywa kakhulu kwaye iyaziwayo ye-maple yaseJapan. Amagqabi awo avuthulukayo nanamagqabi esundu, abunjwe ziilobes ezintlanu ukuya kwezisithoba, afumana umjikelo wombala omangalisayo: ahluma anemibala epinki okanye ebomvu, ajike abe luhlaza nzulu ehlotyeni, aze ajike abeorenji, abebomvu, okanye abemfusa ekwindla. Inokufikelela phezulu Iimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama, nangona kukho iifom ezincinci okanye ezo zilungele ibhonsai. Ibalasele ngesakhiwo sayo esihle kwaye inokuthenwa ukugcina iimilo ezixineneyo. Iqhelana kakuhle neembiza, kwaye kukho amanqaku amaninzi ereferensi malunga nokulinywa kwayo kunye nokunyamekela.
I-Acer palmatum 'Atropurpureum'
Yaziwa njenge imephu yaseJapan ebomvu, idume ngayo amagqabi amfusa anzulu kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka, nangona ithambe kancinci ehlotyeni. Ifanelekile ekuboneleleni ngombala onzulu kunye nochasaniso, zombini njengomzekelo wedwa kunye neziqulatho zenkangeleko yomhlaba ephantsi yogcino.
I-Acer palmatum 'Igazi legazi'
Enye yezona cultivars zidumileyo zayo Umbala omfusa-bomvu oqhubekayo nakwimozulu eshushuIkhula ibe yi-4 ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha ubude kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nokugqatswa lilanga okuphakathi kunye nasekwindla. Ifanelekile kwizitiya zasezidolophini, izimele yodwa okanye njengendawo ekugxilwe kuyo.
Acer palmatum 'Beni Maiko'
Imele eyayo obomvu oqaqambileyo kwintwasahlobo yasentwasahlobo, ephuhlayo ibe luhlaza ngeetoni ezipinki. Ukukhula kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo kuhlangene, ukuya kwi-5 yeemitha, kwaye amaqabunga ayo amancinci kwaye athambileyo. Ixabiseke kakhulu kwiimbiza.
I-Acer palmatum 'Deshojo'
Ifunwa kakhulu ibhonsai ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu phakathi kwayo amaqabunga abomvu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kunye nohlaza oluqaqambileyo ngexesha lasehlotyeni. Ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye inyamezele ukubunjwa kunye nokuthenwa kakuhle.
Acer palmatum 'Osakazuki'
Uluhlu olumangalisayo lwayo amagqabi amakhulu ajike abebomvu ekwindlaImela ilanga elithe ngqo ngaphezulu kancinci kunezinye iintlobo, iyenza ilungele imozulu epholileyo, enelanga.
Acer palmatum 'Senkaki' okanye 'Sango Kaku'
Yaziwa njenge imephu ye-coralbark, yahlulwa yi amasebe abomvu aqaqambileyo ebusika, ukunika umdla nangexesha elibandayo. Amagqabi aluhlaza ehlotyeni kwaye atyheli ekwindla.
Acer palmatum var. Ukusasaza 'Seiryu'
I-dissectum kuphela ene-bearing ethe tye, ene amagqabi ahlulwe kakuhle Zihlala ziluhlaza ixesha elininzi lonyaka kwaye zijike zibebomvu ekwindla. Ilungele iigadi ezincinci apho isiphumo se-sculptural sifunwa.
I-Acer japonicum 'Aconitifolium'
Ubungakanani obuncinci ngakumbi, nge amagqabi ahlulwe ngokunzulu kwaye abanzi ezijika zibebomvu ngokuqaqambileyo ekwindla. Ifanelekile kwiigadi zasempuma-eziphefumlelweyo.
I-Acer japonicum 'Vitifolium'
Ukubetha ngenxa yayo amagqabi amakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 cm, kunye nemiphetho engaqhelekangaAmagqabi ekwindla ajika abe-orenji-bomvu, kwaye isityalo sihlala sihlala phakathi kwe-6-7 yeemitha ubude.
Ezinye iintlobo eziphawulekayo kunye nemihlanganisela
- I-Acer palmatum 'Ibhabhathane': Amagqabi ahlukeneyo anemida emhlophe okanye ekhilimu, efanelekileyo kwiimeko ezinomthunzi.
- Acer palmatum 'Katsura': Amagqabi amancinane atyheli-orenji, ngakumbi abonakala entlakohlaza.
- Acer shirasawanum 'Jordan': Ugcina a umbala otyheli oqaqambileyo uninzi lonyaka.
- Acer palmatum 'Trompenburg': Convex, amagqabi amfusa anzulu.
- I-Acer palmatum 'Linearilobum': Iilobes ezimxinwa, ezintle, ezifana neribhoni.
- I-Acer palmatum 'iGarnet': Enye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu i-dissectum, enamagqabi abomvu kunye nomkhwa ombi.
- Acer palmatum 'Uki-gumo': Iindidi ezinamabala apinki namhlophe emagqabini.
Iimfuno, ukulima kunye nokhathalelo olubalulekileyo lwemephu yaseJapan
Ukukhulisa imaple yaseJapan esempilweni kwaye inomtsalane, kubalulekile ukuvelisa ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka iimeko zendalo yayoNantsi imiba ephambili yempumelelo yayo:
- Umgangatho: Kufuneka ichume, ikhululeke, ibe nzulu, kwaye ibenemijelo egqwesileyo. I-acidic kancinane (pH 4-6) kunye ne-lime-free substrate iyacetyiswa ukukhusela i-chlorosis. Kwiigadi, inokutyetyiswa ngezinto eziphilayo, kunye nomhlaba odibeneyo okanye onamanzi kufuneka ugwenywe.
- indawo kunye nokukhanya: Ikhetha i-semi-shade, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezishushu, nangona ezinye iindidi zinyamezela ilanga elithe ngqo. Kubalulekile ukuyikhusela kwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla nakwilanga lasemini emaqanda, elinokutshisa amagqabi.
- UnkcenkcesheloUkunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukonyusa amaza ehlotyeni kodwa kuthintelwe ukugcwala kwamanzi. Amanzi emvula okanye amanzi aneasidi kancinane athanda ukukhula kwawo. Kwiimbiza, luluvo oluhle ukujonga amanzi kunye nokusebenzisa iimbiza ezifanelekileyo.
- Ukuthena: Ekupheleni kobusika, ngaphambi kokuhluma, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ususe amasebe omileyo, awela okanye abuthathaka ukuze kuphuculwe isakhiwo kunye ne-aeration.
- Umbhalisi: Ngexesha lexesha elisebenzayo (entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni) unokongeza i-organic fertilizer okanye isichumisi esikhethekileyo kwizityalo ze-acidophilic.
- UkuchasaIimaphu zaseJapan ziyakwazi ukunyamezela iqhwa eliphakathi (ukuya kuthi ga kwi -10 ° C okanye -15 ° C ngokuxhomekeke kwiindidi) kwaye zifuna umlinganiselo othile womswakama, ngakumbi kwimimandla eyomileyo.
- Ukutshintshwa: Ngokunqwenelekayo, iisampulu eziselula kufuneka ziphinde zifakwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 entlakohlaza ukuze kuhlaziywe i-substrate kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okugqibeleleyo.
Kwizityalo zebhonsai okanye iimbiza, ukhathalelo luhlengahlengiswa kulawulo olukhulu lokunkcenkceshela, ukusetyenziswa kwee-substrates ezithile, kunye nokuthenwa okuthe gqolo kokufomatha.
Izinto ezinomdla, usetyenziso lokuhombisa kunye nemiba yenkcubeko
- BonsaiImaphu yaseJapan luhlobo oluthandwayo lobugcisa bebhonsai ngenxa yokuguquguquka kunye nobuhle obuncinci, okuvumela ukuyilwa kwemisebenzi yobugcisa eyinyani.
- Ukulungiswa komhlaba waseJapan: Ifuzisela ukuzola kunye nokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ibalulekile kwiZen, iigadi zasempuma kunye nezanamhlanje, ukubonelela ngochuku olungaqhelekanga kunye nokungaphelelwa lixesha.
- Iindibaniselwano zokuhombisa: Ingasetyenziselwa njengomzekelo omnye, kumaqela okanye njengemvelaphi yezityalo zeentyantyambo zentwasahlobo kunye nezigqubuthelo zomhlaba womthunzi, ukubonelela ngokungafaniyo kunye nobunzulu obubonakalayo.
- Imbewu okanye i-samaras: Ngaphaya kwamagqabi awo, ivelisa iziqhamo ezinamaphiko entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ezongeza ubabalo nokunyakaza ngokupheleleyo.
- Wood kunye nezinye iziceloEzinye iimaphu zaseJapan zisetyenziswa ekwenzeni amaplanga acokisekileyo nasekwenzeni izixhobo zomculo ngenxa yokuvakala komthi wazo.
- UphawuImaphu yaseJapan luphawu lobuhle bexeshana kunye nohlaziyo, lukhoyo ngokubanzi kubugcisa baseJapan, uncwadi kunye nokulima.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo malunga neentlobo zeeMaple zaseJapan
- Zingaphi iintlobo zeemaphu zaseJapan ezikhoyo ngokwenene? Kukho ngaphezu kwewaka lemihlanganisela ebhalisiweyo, kwaye ukhetho olutsha luvela minyaka le ngenxa yothando lwabahlengi kunye nabaqokeleli.
- Ndingayifumana imaple yaseJapan embizeni? Iindidi ezininzi zilungelelanisa ngokugqibeleleyo, nangona ukunkcenkceshela, umhlaba kunye nobungakanani beembiza kufuneka kulawulwe. Kwiindawo ezincinci, i-compact or dissectum cultivars ifanelekile.
- Ngaba ziyaxhathisa izifo? Iimaphu zaseJapan ziyanyamezela, kodwa zinokuchatshazelwa ziintwala, i-mealybugs, umngundo, okanye iingxaki zeengcambu ngenxa yokufuma okugqithisileyo. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi okulungileyo kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo kuthintela iingxaki ezininzi.
- Amagqabi awutshintsha njani umbala? Umjikelo wombala uxhomekeke kwicultivar kunye nokuvezwa. Utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokukhanya luchaphazela ubunzulu kunye nobude bemibala yasekwindla okanye yasentwasahlobo.
- Ungathena imaple yaseJapan? Ewe, ukuthenwa ekupheleni kobusika kunceda ukugcina ubume bomthi kwaye kwandisa ubuhle bawo. Kwi-bonsai okanye i-compact specimens, uqeqesho kunye ne-pinching ziqhelekileyo.
Imaple yaseJapan ibalasele ngayo amandla angenakulinganiswa okuhlobisa kunye nokulula kwayo ukulima, nokuba ngumthi wedwa, njengenxalenye yamalungiselelo omhlaba, embizeni, okanye njengebhonsai. Uluhlu lwayo olukhulu lweendidi kunye nemibala ivumela ukudalwa kweemeko ezizodwa, ezihlala ziguquka kwaye zivela ngamaxesha onyaka. Ukuba ujonge ukongeza ubuhle, umbala, kunye nokuchukumisa okungaqhelekanga kwigadi yakho okanye ithafa, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kukufumanela imephu yaseJapan egqibeleleyo.
