URhus typhina, ekwabizwa ngokuba Virginia sumac o ilangatye sumac, sisihlahla esiyinzalelwane kuMntla Melika, esixatyiswa kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yobuhle baso bokuhombisa kunye nexabiso laso kwizinto eziphilayo nenkcubeko. Amagqabi ayo avuthulukayo anika umbono wemibala ekwindla, kwaye ukukwazi kwayo ukuziqhelanisa nemihlaba eyahlukeneyo kuyenza ibe lukhetho oluguquguqukayo lwegadi kunye neendawo zendalo. Ikwabonelela ngekhusi kwiintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana kwaye isetyenziswe kumayeza esintu ngabantu bomthonyama baseMelika. Ngezantsi, uya kufunda yonke into oyifunayo ukuyazi malunga neempawu zayo, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nenkathalo ukonwabela ngokupheleleyo esi sityalo sinomdla.
Ivela phi iRhus typhina kwaye yeyiphi indawo yayo yendalo?
El Virginia sumac Ivela kwimpuma yoMntla Melika, ikakhulu eCanada nakwimpuma ye-United States, nangona ngoku ifumaneka ngokwendalo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Ukukwazi kwayo ukuchuma kwiindawo ngeendawo ezahlukeneyo kukhokelele ekubeni yande kakhulu ngaphaya kwendawo yayo yokuqala.
Kwindawo yayo yasendle, Ikhula kwimimandla engaselunxwemeni, kwindawo enemithi evulekileyo, kumathambeka anelanga, ecaleni kwendlela, kwindawo evulekileyo nakwithafa lengca.Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunye nokomelela kwenkqubo yayo yeengcambu, iyayinyamezela imihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo, enesanti, enamatye, kwanongcoliseko, nto leyo eyenza ibe luhlobo olusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umhlaba kunye nokuzinzisa ukuthambeka.
Esinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni URhus typhina Isetyenziswa kwi-landscaping yayo ukumelana nongcoliseko lomoya, ukhukuliseko, kunye neemeko ezimbi ezidolophini. Sisityalo esifanelekileyo sokwenza uhlaza oluninzi kunye nokutyalwa yedwa ezitiyeni, kwiipaki, nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.
Iimpawu zeBotanical kunye ne-morphology yeVirginia sumac
- Ubungakanani kunye nokumila: Sihlahla okanye umthi omncinci wamagqabi, okwaziyo ukufikelela phakathi I-3 kunye ne-10 yeemitha ukuphakama Phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, inesithsaba esibanzi, esithe sicaba. Amasebe awo avela kwisiseko, enika isityalo ukubonakala okufana neparasol.
- Isiqu namasebe: Isiqu sifutshane kwaye sinokukhatshwa ziziqu ezininzi. Amasebe amancinci ahlulwa ngokukhula kwawo axineneyo. Umbala obomvu-obomvu, ophela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ixolo lirhabaxa kwaye lichaza iintanda, linika inkangeleko enomdla nasebusika.
- AmaSpredishithi: Enkulu, edibeneyo kwaye engaqhelekanga-pinnate (ngenani elingaqhelekanga lamaphepha), tshintshana, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-60 cm ubude. Igqabi ngalinye linamaphecana elanceolate ayi-11–31 anemida erhabaxa kunye nohlaza olunzulu entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni. Ekwindla, la magqabi abonisa imithunzi emihle ukusuka emthubi ukuya emsobo-bomvu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezihlahla ezivuthulukayo zexesha lonyaka.
- Iintyatyambo: dioecious: Kukho izityalo zenkunzi nemazi. Izityalo zamadoda zivelisa i-inflorescences ngendlela ezipinki, ezityheli okanye eziluhlaza okanye iipanicles (ixesha elide nangaphezulu), ngelixa iimazi zivelisa iintyatyambo ezincinci, ezihlanganiswe kwi-panicles ezibetha kancinci.
- Iziqhamo: Kuphela iisampulu zamabhinqa ezichumileyo ziphuhlisa amaqela ashinyeneyo iziqhamo ezibomvu zedrupaceous, ezigqunywe ngumaleko onoboya okanye obumdakaLa maqela ahlala kwisityalo ukuya kutsho ebusika kwaye ahombisa kakhulu.
Ubunqabileyo bayo buxhomekeke kutshintsho lwexesha lonyaka kumbala wamagqabi awo kunye noboya obunoboya bamasebe kunye neziqhamo, izinto ezenza le ntlobo igugu kwiigadi ezinomdla kwinguqu yombala we-autumnal.
I-taxonomy, iintlobo kunye nobudlelwane be-Rhus typhina
Isini URhus yeyosapho Intsomi kwaye idibanisa malunga neentlobo ezingama-53 ezamkelweyo zamatyholo nemithi emincinci. Phakathi kwezona ziziwayo nezilinywayo zi URhus typhina, i-rhus coriaria, URhus glabra y Rhus aromaca. Kwi-Peninsula yase-Iberia ivelele i-rhus coriariangexesha URhus typhina Yeyona idumileyo kwigadi yaseYurophu naseMelika ngenxa yamagqabi ayo anomtsalane asekwindla.
Kukho iintlobo zokuhlobisa ezikhethiweyo kwimbonakalo yazo yokuhlobisa; enye yezona zibalulekileyo Rhus typhina 'Dissecta' okanye 'Laciniata', enamagqabi asikwe ngokucokisekileyo, afana ne-fern kunye nemibala egqabileyo yasekwindla. Hybrid ezifana Rhus × pulvinata (R. glabra × R. typhina), eyaziwa ngokuba namahlamvu amahle nanemibala.
I-Rhus typhina kwigadi kunye nokulungiswa komhlaba
El Virginia sumac Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiigadi ngenxa yeempawu zayo zokuhombisa kunye nokuguquguquka. Kucetyiswa ukuba uyityale yodwa ukuqaqambisa i-silhouette yayo okanye ngokwamaqela ukwenza inkitha yombala ekwindla. Ilungele izitiya ezingacwangciswanga, imida, iibhedi zeentyatyambo, iigadi zesitayile se-cottage, kunye neendawo zogcino oluphantsi. Ngenxa yokunyamezela kwayo emanzini anetyuwa nomoya, ifanelekile kwizitiya eziselunxwemeni.
Ingakhuliswa kwiimbiza ezinkulu okanye kwiiplanti, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwimigangatho emikhulu kunye ne-patios, nje ukuba ifumana ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwaye isitya siqinisekisa ukukhupha okulungileyo. Ngaphaya koko, inkqubo yeengcambu zayo ayihlaseli ngokugqithisileyo, ngoko inokubekwa kufutshane neendonga okanye iindlela ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni izakhiwo.
I-Rhus typhina: ukusetyenziswa kwemveli, amayeza kunye nendalo
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, abantu bomthonyama baseMelika baye basebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobomi URhus typhina ngeenjongo iyeza, ukutya kunye ne-utilitarian:
- Ixolo kunye neengcambu: Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezinjengorhudo, kunye neemeko zolusu, ukutsha okuncinci, kunye nokulunywa zizinambuzane ngenxa yeempawu zabo zokuchasa ukudumba kunye ne-analgesic.
- Iziqhamo: Isetyenziswe njenge-infusion ukwenza iziselo ezihlaziyayo ngenxa yencasa yayo ye-asidi, ephuma kumxholo wayo we-malic kunye ne-citric acid. KuMbindi Mpuma, iziqhamo zeentlobo ezithile zeRhus zisetyenziswa njenge-condiment culinary. Isilumkiso: Ayizizo zonke iziqhamo zeRhus ezityiwayo, kwaye ezinye zinokuba yingozi.
- Iidayi: Amagqabi kunye namaxolo asetyenziselwe ukudaya kunye nofele lwesikhumba ngenxa ye-tannin ephezulu.
Okwangoku, Kukho ubungqina obaneleyo besayensi bokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kweyeza kweVirginia sumac.. Ukongezelela, iindawo ezithile zinokuthi ziqulethe iikhompawundi ezicaphukisa ulusu kunye neembrane ze-mucous, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwazo zonyango akukhuthazwa ngaphandle kweengcebiso zengcali.
Kwintsimi ye-ecology, uphawu lwalo olubalaseleyo ukubaluleka kwezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni, ekubeni iziqhamo zawo zityiwa ziintaka ebusika kwaye amagqabi awo ashinyeneyo ayindawo yokusabela yezinambuzane, iintaka nezilwanyana ezincancisayo.
UKhula kunye nokuKhathalela iRhus Typhina: Isikhokelo esiGqibeleleyo
Indawo kunye nokuvezwa
El URhus typhina Sisityalo esifunayo ukukhanya okuninzi ukuphuhlisa amandla ayo okuhombisa aphezuluIkhetha indawo enelanga eligcweleyo, apho amaqabunga ayo ekwindla aya kukhanya ngokuqaqambileyo, nangona iphinda ibekezelele umthunzi ngaphandle kwengxaki. Kwiindawo ezifudumele kakhulu okanye kwiindawo zaseMeditera, kucetyiswa ukuba ukhusele ukukhanya kwelanga ngexesha eliphakathi kwemini ukuphepha uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye nokutshisa kwamagqabi.
Uhlobo lomhlaba
Iyaziqhelanisa neentlobo ngeentlobo zemihlaba, kodwa Ikhetha umhlaba onzulu, olula kunye nokukhupha amanzi kakuhle kunye nobutyebi bezinto eziphilayo.Elona pH liphezulu lineasidi kancinane ukuya kungathathi hlangothi (6.0-7.0), nangona inyamezela umhlaba onomkhaba kunye nesanti. Luhlobo elomeleleyo oluphila kwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo nechumileyo, nakwindawo ezinamatye okanye ezinodongwe, ukuba nje amanzi angatshoni.
Unkcenkceshelo
Kunyaka wokuqala emva kokutyala. gcina ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo kodwa okuphakathi, ukuvumela i-substrate ukuba yome kancinci phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. Iingcambu zendele kakuhle ukuba umhlaba ufumile kodwa awukhe ube namanzi. Xa sele iqinile, inyamezela ixesha elifutshane lembalela, nangona ukukhula kwamagqabi kunye nombala kuxhamla kunikezelo lwamanzi olwaneleyo, ngakumbi ehlotyeni. Ukunkcenkceshelwa kufuneka kuxhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lemozulu eshushu nakwimihlaba eyisanti.
Ukuchumisa
Ukuba umhlaba uchumile kwaye izinto eziphilayo zongezwa ngonyaka (umgquba, umgquba obole kakuhle okanye ukugalelwa iintshulube), akukho mfuneko yokuchumisa okongeziweyoKwimihlaba ehlwempuzekileyo, isichumisi esilungeleleneyo sinokufakwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuvuselela ukuhluma kunye neentyatyambo.
Ukuthena
El Virginia sumac ayifuni kuthenwa ngamandla, nje ukususwa kwamasebe awomileyo, awonakeleyo okanye anesifoUkuba ufuna ukulawula ubungakanani bayo okanye ukhuthaze ukuhluma kwamasebe amancinci, ukuthenwa okuphakathi kuyacetyiswa ebusika, ukusika iziqu ezide kakhulu zibuyele kwisiqingatha sobude bazo. Oku kuya kuthintela inkangeleko efileyo enokuyifumana ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ukuphindaphinda nokusasazwa
El URhus typhina Kulula kakhulu ukuphindaphinda:
- Ngembewu: Ifuna istratification ebandayo (ukugcina imbewu ifumile kwaye ipholile iiveki ezimbalwa) ukuphucula ukuntshula. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuhlwayelwe ngasekupheleni kobusika okanye entwasahlobo emva kokufunxa imbewu ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-48.
- Ngokusikwa okanye ukwahlula amahlumela: Kuqhelekile ukuba kuthathwe iziqwenga zomthi osele zivuthiwe ekupheleni kobusika, okanye ukwahlula amagqabi e-basal aveliswa kakhulu sisityalo.
Ukuchasa kunye nokuphila ixesha elide
IVirginia sumac imelana neqabaka eqatha (ukuya kuthi ga kwi -25°C), amaxesha embalela ephakathi, kunye nemimoya, iyenze ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwimozulu yelizwekazi neAtlantiki. Ikwanyamezela ubutyuwa obuphakathi kwaye ayibonakalisi zifo ezimandundu okanye iingxaki zezinambuzane.
Izifo kunye nezitshabalalisi
Luhlobo olusempilweni jikelele noluxhathisayo, olufane luchaphazeleke izinambuzane eziyingozi okanye izifo zefungalInokuthi ngamanye amaxesha ihlaselwe ziintwala okanye i-mealybugs, kodwa iimpembelelo zazo zihlala zithambile kwaye zilawulwa ngokulula ngeendlela eziphilayo. Ukuba kubonakala iimpawu zesifo, susa ngokulula kwaye ulahle iindawo ezonakalisiweyo.
Izilumkiso zobutyhefu kunye nemiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe
Nangona kunjalo URhus typhina Ikhuselekile njengesityalo sokuhombisa kwaye iziqhamo zayo zinokutsala izilwanyana zasendle, Amanye amalungu anokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba Kubantu abanovelwano, ngakumbi xa bephethe amasebe amatsha okanye amagqabi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba unxibe iiglavu xa uthena, kwaye ugweme ukutya iindawo zesityalo ngaphandle kokuba kukho ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nokulungela kwaso.
Iintlobo ze-genus Rhus akufuneki zidideke kunye nezinye iintlobo ezinetyhefu zentsapho enye (Anacardiaceae), njenge Iityhefu zetyxicodendron radicans (ityefu ye-Ivy).
El URhus typhina ixatyiswa ngenxa yayo Imincili yasentwasahlobo, imibala eqaqambileyo yasekwindla kunye neqela leziqhamo zasebusikaUkusetyenziswa kwayo kwiiprojekthi zokwakheka komhlaba kuthandwa kakhulu kukukwazi:
- Ukutsala i-pollinators entwasahlobo.
- Iintaka zokuhlala kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo, ezidla iziqhamo zayo.
- Gcina umhlaba enkosi kwinkqubo yayo yeengcambu, ukuthintela ukhukuliseko kunye nokuzinzisa amathambeka.
Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, i-sumac ifuzisela ukuxhathisa, ukuzalwa ngokutsha, kunye nomjikelo wendalo wobomi ngenxa yotshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka.
Hlakulela URhus typhina Kwizitiya kunye neendawo eziluhlaza, ukuzityala yindlela yokuhombisa okusingqongileyo, ukudala iindawo zokuhlala eziluncedo kwizinto eziphilayo, kwaye zonwabele isityalo esomeleleyo, esingakhathalelwanga kangako. Ngokucwangcisa indawo yayo ngononophelo kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zokhathalelo ezilula, ungonwabela enye yezona mboniso zidlamkileyo zasekwindla kubukumkani bezityalo unyaka nonyaka.