Amaqunube amnyama (Irubus occidentalis), ekwabizwa ngokuba yiblackberry okanye ilarkspur, yahlula ngombala wayo omfusa okanye omnyama, ubumuncu, kunye nencasa ekhethekileyo. Nangona ngokwembali yayingathandwa kakhulu kunomzala wayo, iraspberry ebomvu, iqunube elimnyama ngoku livunywa njengesiqhamo esininzi ngenxa yexabiso layo lesondlo elikhethekileyo kunye nobutyebi bezifundo ezixhasa izibonelelo zempilo.
I-raspberry emnyama idla ngokudideka kunye ne-blackberry. (Irubus fruticosus), kodwa kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo. Isiqhamo se-raspberry emnyama ngokuqhelekileyo siyahlukana, sishiya i-core hollow, ngokungafani ne-blackberries, egcina i-core xa ivunwa. Ngaphezu koko, i-raspberry emnyama igutyungelwe yifilimu encinci emhlophe, ngelixa i-blackberry imnyama ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyakhazimula.
Inzalelwane kwimimandla yasendle yaseMntla Melika, i-raspberry emnyama iye yaqhelana nemozulu epholileyo kwaye inokufumaneka kumhlaba otyebileyo, omanzi wamahlathi kunye neendlela. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa ukhula ngokukhawuleza yenza ukuba yenze iikholoni ezishinyeneyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lukhetho olunomdla kwi ulawulo lokhukuliseko kunye nokubonelela ngekhusi kwizilwanyana zasendle.
Kweli nqaku uya kufumanisa Zonke iimpawu ze-morphological kunye nesondlo, ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kunye neenzuzo ezinikezelwa sesi siqhamo esingaqhelekanga, ukuhlula kwamanye amajikijolo kunye nokuxazulula zonke iintandabuzo zakho malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwintsimi kunye nokutya kwansuku zonke.
Inkcazo kunye neempawu zebhotani ze-raspberry emnyama
Iqunube elimnyama liphakathi, liqine kakhulu, lihlala liluhlaza ityholo elihlala liluhlaza losapho lakwaRosaceae elifuna ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi kunye nomhlaba ochumileyo, ofumileyo ukuze luphuhle. Ixabiswa ngokukodwa ngenxa yayo ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokubanda kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-substrates, ezenza kube lula ukukhetha kwiibhoma zombini kunye negadi.
- Ukukhula: Iinduku okanye izikhondo zayo, ezithi kuqala zihlume ngokuthe tye, ziba nkulu kwaye zibe nemithi, zidlulele 2-3 yeemithaZinemiqolo egobileyo eyenza izilwanyana okanye abantu bangaweli, zikwakhusela nezitiya.
- AmaSpredishithi: Zinkulu, zimile okwe-oval, kwaye zimile njengentliziyo, zinencam ezinqamlezileyo kunye nomphezulu oluhlaza obumnyama, kunye nesiliva, ngaphantsi kunoboya. Esi sakhiwo sibavumela ukuba baziqhelanise kakuhle nomoya kunye nokufuma.
- Iintyatyambo: Ezimhlophe kunye ne-pink tints, zihlanganiswe kwiinqununu ze-5 ukuya kwi-15 kwiindawo eziphezulu zee-canes, ngokuqhelekileyo zidubula entwasahlobo.
- Isiqhamo: Amaqunube amnyama achongwa ngombala wawo omfusa omnyama ukuya kumbala omnyama xa evuthiwe, kwaye ngokwenza amadrupe amancinci, anejusi, adityaniswe ngokwamaqela, abonisa incasa ebukhali kwaye encinci eneasidi kunamanye amaqunube.
Isityalo sinokusebenza njenge isigqumathelo sezityalo unyaka wonke kwaye utsale i-pollinators (amabhabhathane neenyosi), kunye nokuba sisixhobo sokutya kwiintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci ezincancisayo ezinjengeempungutye, iirakhoni kunye nemivundla, ngakumbi ngexesha lasebusika. Ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuna kunye nokwenza uninzi lweempawu zalo, sincoma ukubonisana xa amaqunube evunwa.
Phakathi kwezona zinambuzane zixhaphakileyo Iincukuthu kunye ne-aphid zifunyenwe, nangona ngokubanzi i-raspberry emnyama ibonisa ukunyamezela okukhulu kwizifo, okwenza kube lula ukuyigcina ekhaya kunye nomsebenzi.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-raspberry emnyama, i-blackberry kunye namanye amajikijolo
- Umbala kunye nokumila: Nangona kuthiwa "i-raspberry emnyama," ihlala ine-violet hues. Ubungakanani bayo buncinci kunobo be-blackberry eqhelekileyo, kwaye incasa yayo inzima ngokubanzi, inamanqaku asemhlabeni kunye nobumnandi obuncinci.
- Umahluko kwisakhiwo: Xa i-raspberry emnyama isusiwe kwisityalo, ingaphakathi layo lihlala lingenanto, ngokungafaniyo ne-blackberry, egcina i-receptacle.
- Umxholo wesondlo: Amaqunube amnyama agqame ngokukodwa xa ebonisa antioxidants amaxesha amathathu ngaphezu kwamanye amaqunube, ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje olwenziwa kuMbindi Yurophu. Ukuxinwa kwayo kweekhompawundi ze-phenolic kunye ne-anthocyanins idlula kakhulu i-raspberries ebomvu kunye namaqunube amnyama.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-raspberry emnyama kwigadi kunye nekhaya
Ukuhlobisa kunye nosetyenziso olusebenzayo
I-raspberry emnyama ifanelekile njenge i-perimeter hedge okanye umqobo wokukhusela, yokuchaza iindlela kunye nokukhusela amakhaya kunye nezitiya zemifuno. Ameva ayo ayenza igqibelele njengokhuselo lwendalo egadini, kwaye ngenxa yokukhula kwayo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukwazi ukwenza amathanga axineneyo, ikwasisisombululo esihle kakhulu ngokuchasene nokhukuliseko lomhlaba.
Kwakhona, ngenxa yeentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zayo, itsala iinyosi zomthonyama kwaye iphucula ukungafani kwezityalo nezilwanyana kokusingqongileyo, ikhuthaza ukudluliselwa kwepoleni kunye nolungelelwaniso lwendalo. Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela yokutyala kunye nokunyamekela ezi zityalo, sincoma ukutyelela isikhokelo sethu indlela yokutyala amaqunube.
Ukusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye nemveli
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-raspberry emnyama kuya kude ngaphaya kokutya. Iingcambu kunye namagqabi ziye zasetyenziswa kangangeenkulungwane kumayeza emveli North American.. Umzekelo:
- Ukufakwa kwamagqabi ukukhulula ukungakhululeki ngexesha lokubeleka.
- Ingcambu ehlafunwayo ukuthomalalisa ukhohlokhohlo.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwesikhumba ukunyanga amathumba, amanxeba kunye nokucaphuka.
- Iti yegqabi ukunciphisa umqala kunye nokuvuvukala komlomo.
Ekhitshini kunye nokutya kwansuku zonke
Amaqunube amnyama ayaziwa ngokuguquguquka kwawo ekuphekeni. Zinokutyiwa zintsha, kwiiyogathi, iisaladi zeziqhamo, iismoothies, iijam, iijeli, iisosi, izimuncumuncu, kunye newayini yobugcisa. Zikwaze nefomu yomgubo omiswe ngumkhenkce, olungele ukongeza kwismoothies, iyogathi, okanye kwimpahla ebhakiweyo esempilweni. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neentlobo ezahlukeneyo, funda malunga neziqhamo ezixubileyo. Le fomati igxininise yonke imiphumo enenzuzo kwivolumu encinci ngelixa igcina zonke iimpawu zabo zondlo.
Iimpawu zesondlo kunye nokubunjwa kwe-bioactive
- Iivithamini: Igqamile kumxholo wayo wevithamin C (isitshixo sokuveliswa kwecollagen kunye nokufunxwa kwentsimbi), ivithamin K (ibalulekile kwi-coagulation kunye nempilo yamathambo), iivithamini A kunye no-E (ukukhuselwa kwamehlo kunye nemisebenzi ye-antioxidant) kunye ne-folic acid (iyimfuneko kubafazi abakhulelweyo ukuthintela utshintsho kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana).
- Amaminerali: Ityebile kwi-potassium, i-magnesium, isinyithi, i-calcium, i-phosphorus kunye ne-manganese, eyomeleza amathambo kunye neenkqubo zentliziyo.
- Ifayibha: Inikezela ukuya kuthi ga 9 grams nganye 100 grams yeziqhamo, iququzelela ukulawulwa kokuhamba kwamathumbu kunye nokuthintela ukuqhinwa.
- Antioxidants: Ugxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu lwe-anthocyanins, i-flavonoids, kunye ne-ellagic acid, iphinda kathathu amanqanaba amanye amajikijolo, anciphisa umonakalo we-cellular oxidative.
- Iiasidi ezibalulekileyo: I-asidi ye-Gallic kunye ne-ellagic acid inegalelo ekuthinteleni iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza kunye nokunceda ukuphelisa i-radicals yamahhala.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukutya kancinci kweekhalori (malunga ne-35-37 kcal / 100 g), ephantsi kwi-carbohydrates, kunye ne-cholesterol-free. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga nokunyamekela isitiya sakho kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuvuna ama-raspberries, bona.
Izibonelelo zempilo eziqinisekisiweyo
Amandla e-Antioxidant kunye nokuthintela umhlaza
I-raspberry emnyama iyaziwa ngempembelelo yayo yokukhusela kwizifo ezininzi ezingapheliyo. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi zibonise oku kulandelayo:
- Isenzo se-Antioxidant: I-Phenolic compounds kunye ne-anthocyanins zisebenza ngokuchasene ne-radicals yamahhala, ukukhusela ukuguga kwamaselula kunye nokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo eziphazamisayo, ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
- Isiphumo somhlaza: Uphando oluxhaswa ngamaziko asemthethweni lubonise oko Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-raspberry emnyama kunye nezicatshulwa zayo kunokunceda ukulwa nomhlaza womlomo, we-colorectal kunye nowomqala.Ukusetyenziswa kweegel ezigxininisiweyo kunye ne-lyophilized powders kuye kwavelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo ekunciphiseni izilonda ezinobungozi kunye ne-modulating enzymes ezijongene nokuguqulwa kwethumba.
- Ukunciphisa ukudumba: I-phytochemicals ekhoyo kwi-raspberries emnyama imodareyitha impendulo yokuvuvukala, ibenze ibe luncedo kuzo zombini izifo ezingapheliyo ezivuthayo kunye neemeko zesikhumba ezibangelwa yi-allergies okanye ukucaphuka.
Ukuphucula impilo ye-cardiovascular and metabolic health
- Ukunciphisa i-cholesterol epheleleyo kunye nokulinganisela koxinzelelo lwegazi ngenxa ye-potassium, i-magnesium kunye nomxholo wefiber.
- Impendulo ephuculweyo ye-insulin, ukufaka isandla ekulawuleni iswekile yegazi kunye nokunceda ekutyeni kwabantu abanesifo seswekile okanye ukunganyangeki kwe-insulin.
- Ukuthintelwa kweengozi zentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokunciphisa i-oxidation ye-LDL cholesterol (i-cholesterol embi).
Iinzuzo eluswini, umbono kunye nokhuselo lomzimba
- Ikhuthaza ukuveliswa kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-collagen, ukulibazisa ukubonakala kwemibimbi kunye nokuguga kwesikhumba kwangaphambi kwexesha.
- Inceda ukukhusela i-cataract, i-glaucoma, kunye nokulahleka kombono ngenxa yobutyebi bayo kwi-antioxidants kunye ne-vitamin A.
- Yomeleza amajoni omzimba enkosi kumxholo wayo ophezulu wevithamin C kunye neepolyphenols.
Iziphumo ezichasayo kunye nokunciphisa umzimba
Uphando olutshanje lufumene ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwe-raspberry emnyama kunceda ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okugqithisileyo kwe-immune systemOku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubantu abane-allergies yesikhumba, apho i-raspberry emnyama, ngokumodareyitha kweeseli ze-dendritic, inciphisa ukucaphuka, ububomvu kunye nokurhawuzelelwa. Ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo kubantu abaneemeko, unokubonisana Kutheni isityalo sam esitya inyama sijika sibe mnyama?.
Njani kwaye nini ukutya i-raspberry emnyama
- Ukusetyenziswa okutsha: Elona xesha lilungileyo kusehlotyeni nasekuqaleni kwekwindla, xa isiqhamo sivuthwa kwaye sinamanzi.
- Ulondolozo: Zinokonakala kakhulu, ngoko kufuneka zigqitywe ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kufuneka zihlanjwe, kungcono ukwenza njalo ngaphambi kokutya ukukhusela ukufunxa kwamanzi kunye nokulahleka kwencasa.
- Olunye ukhetho: Inokufumaneka kumgubo owomileyo owenziwe ngumkhenkce, olungele ukongeza kwismoothies, iyogathi, okanye kwimpahla ebhakiweyo esempilweni. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nokukhula kunye nokunyamekela, jonga izityalo ezixubileyo.
Ukongeza, yifayile ye- izimuncumuncu eziphilileyo, ilungele abantwana, abantu abatya ukutya okuphantsi kweekhalori, abo babandezeleka ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa, umlomo okanye iimeko ze-cardiovascular. Ukwandisa ukulinywa kwayo, unokuba nomdla kuyo Eyona mithi yeziqhamo kumhlaba welimestone.
Contraindications kunye nezilumkiso
Nangona i-raspberry emnyama ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubalulekile ukugcina imiba ethile engqondweni:
- Iphezulu kwiswekile yendalo (iglucose kunye ne-levulose), enokuthi ifake isandla ekuzuzeni ubunzima xa isetyenziswe ngokugqithisileyo.
- Imbewu encinci: Ziqulethe iimbewu ezininzi ezincinci, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa kwazo ngabantwana abancinci kufuneka kujongwe ukunqanda umngcipheko wokuminxa.
- Ukwalana: Nangona kunqabile, abanye abantu banokufumana uvakalelo kumalungu amaqunube.
- Ukudibana kweziyobisi: Ukuba uthatha unyango lwe-anticoagulant, umxholo we-vitamin K kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo, uhlale ubonisana nochwepheshe bezempilo.
IiCuriosities kunye nemibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo malunga namaqunube amnyama
- Ikhula phi? Nangona ixhaphake kakhulu kuMntla-ntshona, eMidwest, naseMpuma yeUnited States, ama-raspberries amnyama ngoku akhulile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu epholileyo kwaye anokufumaneka kwiimarike ezikhethekileyo kunye ne-intanethi, kwifom entsha okanye ephothiweyo.
- Kutheni kugqalwa njengokutya okuphezulu? I-concentration yayo ephezulu ye-polyphenols, i-anthocyanins, kunye ne-phenolic compounds yenza enye yeziqhamo ezinomthamo omkhulu we-antioxidant, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu kwizidlo ezinempilo ezijoliswe ekukhuseleni izifo ezingapheliyo.
- Indlela yokuyichonga? Ukongeza kumbala wayo omnyama kunye nencasa yeempawu, i-raspberry emnyama ine "filimi" emhlophe xa ivuthiwe, kwaye ubukhulu bayo buncinci kunobo bequnube lemveli.
Ukudibanisa amaqunube amnyama kwisidlo sakho kunye negadi yindlela elula nendalo yokukhulisa intlalontle yakho kunye neyendawo ekungqongileyo, uthatha ithuba lazo zonke iipropathi zazo zempilo, imbonakalo yomhlaba, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngamandla abo angenakulinganiswa ne-antioxidant, i-flavour eyahlukileyo, kunye nokulula ukulima, ama-raspberries amnyama amele i-ally ally etafileni nasegadini, isitshixo sobomi obunempilo kunye nokulinganisela.
