Yonwabela ezinye Iitumato ezibomvu, zinongwe kakhulu kwaye zigcwele incasa Ukuzikhulisela ukutya kwakho kwithala lakho okanye kwibalcony akuyonto intle ebekelwe abo banegadi. Ngeembiza ezimbalwa ezikhethwe kakuhle, umxube olungileyo wokufaka iimbiza, kunye nokunyamekela okusisiseko, ungenza igadi yemifuno yokwenyani kwindawo encinci kwaye uvune iitumato ezingafaniyo nezo zisuka kwivenkile enkulu.
Iitumato ezigcinwe evenkileni zihlala zihamba iimayile ezininzi kwaye zivunwa kwangethuba, ngelixa ezo Zivuthwa elangeni kwisityalo sakho Zivelisa amavumba kunye neencasa ezikhumbuza igadi yemifuno yendabuko. Ukuba uceba ukutyala kwakho kakuhle, ukhethe iintlobo ezifanelekileyo zeembiza, kwaye ulandele izikhokelo ezilula zokunkcenkceshela, ukufaka isichumiso, ukuthena, kunye nokuthintela izinambuzane, uya kuba nesivuno ihlobo lonke, nokuba uhlala embindini wesixeko.
Iimeko zokukhanya, ubushushu kunye nendawo yokukhula
Itumato sisityalo esibuzayo Ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo okuninzi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsiUkuze zikhule kakuhle, qiniseka ukuba iimbiza zakho zifumana ubuncinane iiyure ezisibhozo zokukhanya kwelanga yonke imihla. Xa zisemthunzini okanye xa ilanga lincinci, izityalo ziya kukhula zibe neziqu ezinde, zivelise iintyatyambo ezimbalwa, kwaye zivelise isivuno esincinci kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelele ubushushu, uzive ekhululekile Amaxabiso emini aphakathi kwama-20 nama-30 ºC kunye namaqondo obushushu asebusuku ajikeleze i-15-17°C. Ngaphantsi kwe-10-12°C, ukukhula kuyayeka, kwaye ukuba amaqondo obushushu ehla ngakumbi, izityalo zinokonakala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa kufika ubushushu obunamandla phakathi kokudubula, iintyatyambo ezininzi ziyasilela ukutsha kwaye ziwe, nto leyo enciphisa imveliso.
Ngaphandle kwelanga nobushushu, iitumato ziyayithanda imeko-bume efanelekileyo. inomoya ococekileyo kodwa ikhuselekile emvuleni ngqoAmanzi asemagqabini akhuthaza izifo ezifana ne-blight eyoyikekayo. Ngoko ke, indawo efanelekileyo yezityalo zakho ezisezimbizeni kukusondela eludongeni, phantsi kophahla oluncinci, uphahla lwesakhiwo, okanye kwigumbi elincinci lezityalo elinomoya opholileyo.
Ukuba indawo okuyo inomswakama kakhulu, zama ukubeka izityalo kwindawo apho Vumela umoya ujikeleze kwaye amagqabi ome ngokukhawulezaNangona iitumato zinokumelana nokufuma okuphakathi kwama-60 nama-80%, xa kudlula ama-85% kwaye amagqabi ehlala emanzi, iifungi zinendawo efanelekileyo yokusasazeka.
Ukucwangcisa ukutyala ngokwemozulu
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhawuleze uyokuthenga imbewu okanye izithole, kubalulekile ukuba ucacelwe ukuqala nini ukutyala okanye ukufakelwa izityalo Kuxhomekeke kwimozulu yakho. Iitumato zinobuthathaka kakhulu ekubandeni, ngoko ke umthetho ophambili kukuba ungazityali ngaphandle ude umngcipheko weqhwa udlule.
Kwiindawo ezinobusika obuphantsi, njengonxweme olukhulu lweMeditera kunye neAndalusia, kunokwenzeka ukufakelwa kwiimbiza zokugqibela ukususela ngoMatshiukuba amaqondo obushushu aphantsi ebusuku awehli ngaphantsi kwe-10-12°C. Kwiindawo ezibandayo zasezindaweni ezingaphakathi, kudla ngokuba bubulumko ukulinda kude kube nguMeyi, kwanasekuqaleni kukaJuni, ukuze kuthintelwe umngcipheko weqabaka elisemva kwexesha.
Ukuba uhlala kwiindawo ezinehlobo elifutshane okanye elipholileyo, njengeendawo ezithile ezisemantla okanye ngaphakathi kwethafa, kuyanceda kakhulu. qhubela phambili ukulima ngokwenza iibhedi zembewu ezikhuselweyo Ukususela ekupheleni kukaJanuwari okanye uFebruwari. Gcina ezi treyi kwindawo efudumeleyo nekhanyayo, uze uzifake kwiimbiza xa izithole zinamagqabi okwenyani ayi-3-5 kwaye zimalunga ne-15-20 cm ubude.
Kwimozulu enexesha elide lokukhula, apho kungekho qhwa lininzi, kunokwenzeka ukutyala izityalo ngendlela engaqhelekanga: Yenza iibhedi zembewu ezahlukeneyo malunga neeveki ezintathu. ukuba nezityalo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nokwandisa isivuno ukuya ekwindla.
Iimbiza ezifanelekileyo kwigadi yakho yetumato
Kwintlobo ezikhula kancinci okanye ezikhula ngendlela ethile (ezo zikhula zifana nezihlahla kwaye zinazo ukukhula okuncinci ngakumbiNgenxa yoku, kungcono ukusebenzisa izikhongozeli ezinobunzima obuziilitha ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-20. Kwezi zimbiza, izityalo zihlala zincinci kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kwiibalcony ezincinci.
Kwimeko yeentlobo ezingaziwayo, eziqhubeka zikhula kwaye zikhula ixesha elide, ukhetho olufanelekileyo kukukhetha izikhongozeli 25 ukuya 30 iilitha umthamoEzi zityalo zikhula iingcambu ezinzulu kwaye zixabisa ubungakanani obungaphezulu be-substrate ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kunye namaxesha aphakathi kokunkcenkceshela.
Nanini na xa unamathandabuzo, kungcono yiba mkhulu kakhulu kwaye ungabi mncinci kakhuluImbiza enkulu kancinci inika amanzi amaninzi kunye nezondlo ezigciniweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isityalo singabi naxinzelelo kangako, singanyangeki zizifo, kwaye sibe nemveliso engcono naphakathi ehlotyeni.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: qiniseka ukuba imbiza inayo imingxuma yokukhupha amanzi enesisaAmanzi amileyo ezantsi kwesityalo akhuthaza ukukhula kwefungus kwiingcambu kwaye anokubangela ukufunxa iingcambu. Ukuba usebenzisa iibhakethi ezisetyenzisiweyo okanye ezinye izikhongozeli, gqobhoza imingxuma ezantsi kwaye, ukuba uyafuna, yongeza umaleko wegrabile entle okanye iingqalutye zodongwe ezandisiweyo ukuphucula ukutsalwa kwamanzi.
Ukulungiswa okungcono kwe-substrate kunye nomxube
Xa ikhuliswe kwiimbiza, substrate esemgangathweni Ngumhlaba wezityalo zakho ngokoqobo, ngoko ke Akufanelekile ukungayinaki umgangatho.Indawo efanelekileyo yokukhulisa izityalo kufuneka ibe ne-sponge, igcine amanzi ngaphandle kokugcwala, kwaye inike izondlo kangangeenyanga eziliqela.
Kwisitya seetumato, indibaniselwano I-substrate esemgangathweni ophezulu ene-coconut fiber kunye ne-worm humusIfayibha yekhokhonathi iphucula umoya kunye nokugcinwa komswakama, kwaye i-humus inika izinto eziphilayo kunye neentsholongwane eziluncedo.
Ukuba ufuna indawo elula yokuqala, ungayizalisa imbiza ngomxube we-universal potting kunye Xuba phakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-30% ye-wheat castings okanye i-compost evuthiweyoLo mxube utyebisa indawo yokukhula kwaye wenze kube lula ukukhula kweengcambu.
Ukuba usebenzisa kwakhona i-substrate yexesha elidlulileyo, susa intsalela yeengcambu, uphefumle kakuhle umxube, uze wongeze inani elaneleyo le-substrate. umgquba omtsha okanye i-humusOku kuhlawula izondlo ezisele zityiwe zizityalo zonyaka ophelileyo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungalingani.
Ngokuphathelele i-pH, iitamatisi zikhula kakuhle xa zinomlinganiselo we-asidi ukuya kongathathi cala, malunga i-pH 6,0-7,0Ii-substrates zorhwebo zihlala zilungisiwe, ngoko ke akuyi kufuneka uzenze nzima kakhulu izinto, ngaphandle kokuba uyazi ukuba amanzi akuloo ndawo aqinile kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ujonge i-pH ukuze ungayinyuki kakhulu, kuba oku kunokuvala i-calcium kunye nezinye izondlo.
Iintlobo zeetamatato ezisebenza kakuhle kwiimbiza
Esinye sezigqibo ezinomdla kakhulu kukukhetha uhlobo lwetamatato oza kulilima, kuba Ayizizo zonke iintlobo eziziphatha ngendlela efanayo kwiimbizaNangona phantse nasiphi na isityalo sinokukhuliswa kwisitya ngononophelo olufanelekileyo, ezinye kulula kakhulu ukuqala ngazo.
Izityalo ezicacileyo okanye ezicacileyo, ezenza isihlahla esincinci, zilungele iindawo ezincinci. Kukho neentlobo ezicacileyo. ubunzima obuqulathiweyo Ziyakwazi ukumelana neembiza ezinkulu, ingakumbi ukuba ulawula ubude bazo ngokuzithena.
Imizekelo yeentlobo ezifanelekileyo zokulima kwiikhonteyina ziquka:
- Intliziyo yenkomo encinciIvelisa iziqhamo ezinkulu nezinenyama enencasa emnandi kwizityalo ezincinci. Kwiimbiza ezili-19-20 leelitha, inokuvelisa isivuno esikhulu ngaxeshanye, ilungele iisaladi kunye nezitya ezintsha.
- Iitamatisi zecherry zeCocktailZivelisa kakhulu kwaye zinika umvuzo. Ezinye iintlobo zikhula njengezihlahla ezincinci kwiimbiza ezili-15-19 leelitha, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho ihlobo lingatshisi kakhulu.
- Itamatisi yepere okanye itamatisi yeRoma engakhuli kakhuluIfanelekile kwiisosi, kwiindawo zokugcina ukutya, okanye ekuxubeni. Incinci kwaye incinci, ingena kakuhle kwizikhongozeli ezingama-20 eelitha nangaphezulu kwaye imelana kakuhle namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
- URÃo GrandeOlu hlobo lunendlela ethile yokukhula, luqinile kwaye alunazo izifo ezininzi, kwaye aludingi kuthenwa okanye kukhathalelwa kangako. Kwimbiza yelitha ezingama-20, enelanga kunye nokunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, luvelisa iziqhamo ezilungileyo zokulondolozwa okanye ukutshiswa.
- I-Cherry Gold NuggetIsityalo esinamagqabi, esincinci ngokwendalo, nesivelisa kakhulu. Njengoko sine-substrate elimalunga ne-16 leelitha kwisityalo ngasinye, sivelisa imvula yeetumato ezimthubi nezimnandi, ezifanelekileyo ukutya okanye ukongeza kwiisaladi.
Kukwakho neentlobo ezinkulu nezingabonakaliyo, ezifana ne- ICherry emnyamaEzi zivelisa itamatisi encinci, ephantse ibe mnyama enencasa emangalisayo. Nangona kufanelekile ukuba zikhuliswe emhlabeni ukuze zifikelele kwinqanaba lazo elipheleleyo, zinokukhula kakuhle kwizikhongozeli ezinkulu xa zithenwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zigcine ubude bazo bulawulwa, bungadluli kwimitha enye.
Ukuhlwayela, ukufakelwa izityalo kunye namanyathelo okuqala
Ukuqala igadi yakho efakwe kwiimbiza ungaqala nge imbewu kwiibhedi zembewu okanye kwizithole esele zenziwe Thenga kwindawo yokugcina izityalo. Ukhetho ngalunye luneengenelo zalo: ngembewu uneentlobo ezininzi onokukhetha kuzo kwaye ulawula yonke inkqubo, kwaye ngezithole udlula elona nqanaba libuthathaka kwaye wonge ixesha.
Ukuba ukhetha ukuhlwayela imbewu, sebenzisa iitreyi ezineembobo ezizaliswe ngumxube okhanyayo (i-peat okanye i-substrate encinci) kwaye Beka imbewu malunga nobunzulu obuyi-0,5 cmManzisa kakuhle, vumela amanzi angaphezulu aphume, uze ubeke itreyi yembewu kwindawo efudumeleyo enokukhanya okuhle kodwa kude nelanga elinamandla ngqo de ikhule.
Xa izithole zinamagqabi okwenyani angama-4-5 kwaye zinobukhulu obulawulekayo, lixesha lokuba zifake ebhodweni lazo lokugqibelaKule nqanaba "ungangcwaba" isiqu esingaphezulu kuneso besibonakala kwitreyi yembewu, ususe amagqabi asezantsi uze ugqume ngaphezulu nje kwamaqhuqhuva amancinci oza kuwabona kwisiqu, aza kuthi kamva enze iingcambu ezongezelelweyo.
Kwimeko yezithole ezikhula kwindawo yokugcina izityalo, khangela ukuba zinazo na Amagqabi aluhlaza, angenamabala angaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zezinambuzanekunye nebhola yengcambu emile kakuhle kodwa engadibani ngokupheleleyo. Yenza umngxuma kumxube wembiza onzulu kunobukhulu bebhola yengcambu, susa amagqabi asezantsi, faka isityalo emngxunyeni, uze usizalise, ucinezele kancinci ukuze ususe iingxowa zomoya.
Kwiimbiza, into eqhelekileyo kukutyala isityalo esinye setamatato kwisikhongozeli ngasinye Ubungakanani obuhle, ingakumbi kwiintlobo eziphakathi okanye ezinkulu. Oku kuthintela ukukhuphisana ngamanzi kunye nezondlo, kunika iingcambu indawo, kwaye kuvumela isityalo ukuba sikhule ngamandla.
Ukugawula, ukuthena kunye nokucinezela: indlela yokulawula isityalo
Uninzi lwezityalo zetamatato, ingakumbi iintlobo ezingaziwayo, zidinga uhlobo oluthile lwenkqubo yokuxhasa ukubanceda bakhule beme nkqo (ezinye iindlela zokukhulisa ngaphandle kwe-trellises)Kwiimbiza ungasebenzisa iintonga, iintonga zesinyithi okanye izakhiwo ezincinci zeekheji ezijikeleze isityalo kwaye zikuvumela ukuba ubophe iziqu njengoko zikhula ziye phezulu.
Beka isibonda embizeni kwasekuqaleni, ngexesha lokutshala, ukuze ukungonakalisi iingcambu kamvaQinisa isiqu ngentambo ezithambileyo, intambo yejute, okanye imicu yelaphu, ngaphandle kokuyiqinisa kakhulu ukuze ungasongi. Yandisa inani leendawo zokuncamathelisa njengoko isityalo sikhula.
Isiqhelo kukujonga izityalo kube kanye ngeveki, kwaye xa ubona ihlumelo elikhulu, yisuse ngeminwe yakho Cinezela ngobunono ngobhontsi wakho nangomnwe wakho wokubonisa. Izikere azifuneki kwiihlumela ezithambileyo, kodwa lumka ungawonakalisi kakhulu isiqu esiphambili.
Kwiintlobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, ingakumbi ezo zineziqhamo ezinkulu, ngamanye amaxesha kuyacetyiswa ukuba uziqhelise ukuthena okanye ukugawula i-apical Xa isityalo sifikelela kubude obuthile (umzekelo, ngaphezulu kancinci kwenkxaso okanye iindandatho eziphezulu zembiza), ukususa incam kuvumela isityalo ukuba sithumele izixhobo kwiindawo ezisele zenziwe zeetamatato, ezithi emva koko zikhule zibe nkulu kwaye zivuthwe ngcono.
Ukunkcenkceshela izityalo ezikwimbiza: amaxesha amaninzi kunye neengcebiso ezibalulekileyo
Ukunkcenkceshela yenye yezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo ekukhuliseni iitumato kwiimbiza, kuba isiseko somhlaba siyoma ngokukhawuleza kunasemhlabeni kwaye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumswakama lunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwisityalo nakwisiqhamo.
Emva kokutyala izityalo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshele kakuhle ukuze i-substrate ihlale kakuhle ijikeleze iingcambu. Ukususela ngoko, injongo kukugcina umhlaba ucocekile. isoloko imanzi kancinci, kodwa ayize igcwale amanziVumela umaleko womphezulu wome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela, kodwa thintela ukuba ibhola yengcambu ingomi ngokupheleleyo.
Entwasahlobo, ukunkcenkceshela kudla ngokwanela. amaxesha ambalwa ngeveki kuxhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nobukhulu bembiza. Phakathi ehlotyeni, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kakhulu, kuya kufuneka ukuba kwandiswe amaxesha: ngamanye amaxesha yonke imihla kwaye kwanemihla ngemihla ngexesha lobushushu, usoloko ulungisa umthamo ukuze ungagcwalisi isiseko.
Kucetyiswa ukuba unkcenkceshele isiseko sesityalo rhoqo, uqondise amanzi kwi-substrate kungekhona emagqabini, ukuze ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zefungusIimbiza ezininzi zetamatato zinesitya esingaphantsi okanye isosi kunye namanzi agciniweyo; ukuba unkcenkceshela apho, iingcambu ziya kukhuthazwa ukuba zikhule nzulu xa zifuna umswakama kwaye isityalo siya kuba namandla ngakumbi.
Kuphephe ukugqithisela: ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu ixesha elide kunokubangela ukubola kweengcambu kunye neziqhamo ezingenancasa, ngelixa imbalela engapheliyo ibangela imifantu eluswini kunye nokubola kwe-apical (loo mabala amnyama ezantsi kwetumato). Okona kulungileyo, gcina inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela rhoqo kwaye ifane kangangoko.
Ukuchumisa kunye nesondlo esithile seetumato
Itamatisi sisityalo "esinobugovu", ngoko ke ukongeza kwisiseko esityebileyo, iya kuxabisa kakhulu ukufakwa kwezichumiso kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulaingakumbi kwiimbiza apho umthamo womhlaba ulinganiselwe khona.
Kwiiveki zokuqala ezimbalwa emva kokufakelwa izityalo, kwanele ukuba isiseko sibe nezinto eziphilayo ezaneleyo. Ukususela ekuqaleni kokudubula kweentyatyambo, ingakumbi xa isiqhamo siqala ukumila, kuyacetyiswa ukuba Faka isichumiso esityebileyo kwi-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium, izinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zokuqhakaza iintyatyambo kunye nokuzalisa iitumato.
Ungasebenzisa izichumisi ezingamanzi ezenzelwe ngokukodwa iitumato okanye imifuno, ezixutywe namanzi okunkcenkceshela. Ulandela imiyalelo yomenzi, faka isichumisi rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezili-10-15, rhoqo kwisiseko esimanzisiweyo. kuphephe ukutsha kweengcambu.
Kwizolimo ezisebenzisa izinto eziphilayo, ungasebenzisa izicatshulwa ezingamanzi ezivela kwi-compost okanye kwi-vermicompostLa malungiselelo, axutywe namanzi, anika izondlo kunye neentsholongwane eziluncedo. Aphucula impilo yesityalo iyonke kunye nomgangatho wesiqhamo.
Enye into efanelwe kukukhankanywa ngokukodwa yicalcium, ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni ukubola kwembali kunye nokunika iitumato ukuqina. Ihlala ikhona kumhlaba one-calcium eninzi, kodwa isenokungabikho kwiimbiza. Iingxaki zokufunxa amanzi ukuba ukunkcenkceshela akuqhelekangaUkugcina umswakama uzinzile, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukubonelela nge-calcium (umzekelo, kunye notshintsho oluthile) kunceda ukunciphisa esi sifo.
Ukulawula ukhula kunye nokufaka umgquba kwiimbiza
Akukho khula lungako lukhula kwiikhonteyina, kodwa olo lukhula... Bakhuphisana ngokulinganayo ngamanzi kunye nezondloKungcono ukuzisusa kwangoko xa uzibona, uzitsale ngononophelo ukuze ukhuphe ingcambu kwaye ungaphazamisi kakhulu isiseko.
Ukuze unciphise ukukhula kokhula, kwaye, ngethamsanqa, ugcine umswakama ozinzileyo, ungabeka i-padding phezu komphezulu yesiseko sendawo. Ingca ecocekileyo, ixolo elinqunqiweyo, inkunkuma yokuthena ecolekileyo kakhulu, okanye izinto zokugquma ezibolayo ezithengiswayo zonke zifanelekile.
Umaleko omalunga ne-2-3 cm ubukhulu obujikeleze isiqu unceda khusela iingcambu kubushushu obugqithisileyoIyanciphisa umphunga kwaye ithintele iziqhamo ezisezantsi ukuba zingadibani nomhlaba ukuba zilenga ecaleni kwembiza.
Ngaphezu koko, i-mulch inceda ekunciphiseni ukuguquguquka kobushushu kwi-substrate, oko kuthetha ukuba uxinzelelo oluncinci kwisityaloingakumbi ngeentsuku ezinelanga kwiindawo ezivulekileyo apho amaqondo obushushu enyuka khona.
Izinambuzane nezifo eziqhelekileyo kwiitumato ezifakwe embizeni
Nokuba sizinyamekela kakuhle kangakanani na izityalo zethu, iitumato zinomtsalane kwizinambuzane ezithile. izinambuzane kunye nosulelo ekufuneka lujongwe ngononopheloInzuzo yokukhula kwiimbiza kukuba sinezityalo "ezikufutshane" kwaye sinokuzijonga rhoqo ukuze sibone iingxaki kwasekuqaleni.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane eziqhelekileyo kukho ii-tomato hornworms (ii-green caterpillars ezitya amagqabi neziqhamo), ii-larvae ezitya ingaphakathi lee-tomato, ii-aphids, ii-whiteflies, kunye nee-small beetles ezishiya amagqabi egcwele imingxunya. Kwii-balcony ezimanzi, nazo zixhaphakile. iinkumba kunye ne-slugs, abasebenzisa naluphi na ukusilela ekunikeleni ingqalelo ukuze batye iindawo ezithambileyo.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, uninzi lwezi zinambuzane lunokulawulwa ngesandla ngokususa iincukuthu ngesandla okanye ukuhlamba amagqabi ngamanzi kunye nesepha ye-potassium. Xa ingxaki isanda, umntu angabhenela izibulali-zinambuzane ezithile, kungcono ukuba zingabi nampembelelo ingakosoloko ulandela imiyalelo yeleyibhile kwaye uhlonipha amaxesha okhuseleko.
Ngokuphathelele izifo, iifungi ezifana ne-downy mildew okanye i-blight zibangela amabala atyheli okanye amdaka kumagqabi nakwiziquezithi ekugqibeleni zome. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ibandakanya ukuphepha ukumanzisa amagqabi, ukunkcenkceshela kwangethuba ukuze izityalo zome ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina umoya ungena kakuhle, kunye nokusebenzisa isichumisi se-nitrogen ngokugqithisileyo.
Kwimveliso ebanzi, intsholongwane yeziqhamo zetomato brown rugose nayo iyinto exhalabisayo, njengoko iguqula amagqabi neziqhamo kwaye inokunciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Kwiigadi zesitya, umngcipheko uphantsi, kodwa kusengumbono olungileyo ukuba uqaphele. Hlamba izandla zakho kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zakho Ukuba usebenza nezityalo ezivela kwimvelaphi eyahlukileyo, kwaye nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, khetha iintlobo ezine-genetic resistance.
Ixesha, ukuzinikela, kunye nenqanaba lobunzima
Ukukhulisa igadi encinci yetumato kwiimbiza akufuneki ukuba ube yingcali, kodwa kuyafuneka ubuncinci bokungaguquguquki kunye nexesha elithile lokuqalaIsigaba sokulungiselela indawo, ukukhetha iimbiza, ukuthenga isiseko, ukuhlanganisa kunye nokufakelwa izityalo okokuqala kunokuthatha iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ngokulula ngosuku olunye okanye ngaphezulu.
Nje ukuba yonke into ihlanganiswe, ukutyala nokubeka izityalo zetamatato kwizikhongozeli zazo kubandakanya phakathi kweyure e-1 ukuya kwezi-3 ezongezelelweyo kuxhomekeke kwinani lezityalo, inkqubo yokuxhasa ekhethiweyo, nokuba uzenzela ngokwakho na iibhedi zembewu okanye izithole.
Ukususela ngoko, ukugcinwa kweveki nganye—ukunkcenkceshela, ukuvavanywa ngokukhawuleza kwezinambuzane, ukuncitshiswa kancinci kwee-suckers, ukulungiswa kwezibonda ngamanye amaxesha, kunye nokufakwa kwesichumiso rhoqo—akugqithisi. Ukukhulisa iitumato kwiimbiza kudla ngokuthathwa njengokulula. ubunzima obuphantsi okanye obuphakathi-obuphantsi, ilungele abo baqala ukulima igadi ezidolophini.
Ukuba udibanisa yonke imisebenzi kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka, ukulungiselela, ukukhulisa, kunye nokuvuna iitumato zakho kungabandakanya izinto ezimbalwa Iiyure ezi-5-9 zokuzinikela ngokukhutheleyoIngasathethwa ke ngesenzo esilula sokujonga izityalo nokonwabela ukuguquka kwazo, nto leyo ekwayinxalenye yobuhle bokuba negadi yakho.
Ukuvuna nokuphatha iitumato ezivuthiweyo
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nomhla wokuhlwayela okanye wokutshala, iitumato zokuqala ziqala ukulungela. phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-60 kunye ne-100 kamvaUyazi ukuba lifikile ixesha apho iziqhamo zifumene umbala ocacileyo wohlobo lwazo (obomvu, opinki, otyheli, oluhlaza…) kwaye ziqinile kodwa ziyancipha kancinci xa zichukunyiswa.
Kungcono ungashiyi isiqhamo sithambile kakhulu kwisityalo, kuba oku kwandisa amathuba okuqhekeka, ukuhlaselwa zizinambuzane, okanye ukubola. Okona kulungileyo, qokelela rhoqo, nokuba yimihla embalwa ngexesha lonyaka eliphakamileyo, nto leyo ekwakhuthaza isityalo ukuba siqhubeke sivelisa iintyatyambo ezininzi.
Ukuze usike iitumato ngaphandle kokonakalisa isityalo, ungasebenzisa izikere zokuthena ezicocekileyo okanye ubambe isiqhamo uze Jija kancinci ide isuke kwisiquKuphephe ukutsala nzima kakhulu, kuba ungaphula amasebe apheleleyo azele ziintyatyambo okanye iziqhamo ezincinci.
Ukuba kuza isivuthuvuthu esikhulu okanye ukwehla kweqondo lobushushu ngequbuliso, ungazisa isivuno phambili kancinci uze ukhe ezo tumato zikhoyo Sele zibonakala zinombala, kodwa ziseluhlaza kancinci.Ziya kugqiba ukuvuthwa ngaphandle kweengxaki kubushushu begumbi ngaphakathi endlwini.
Ngokuphathelele ukugcinwa, iitamatisi ezinomlinganiselo othile wokuqina zigcinwa kakuhle. kubushushu begumbi, kude nelanga elithe ngqoEzivuthiweyo kakhulu zingafakwa kwidrowa yemifuno efrijini, nangona ukubanda okukhulu kudla ngokunciphisa ivumba; ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzikhuphe okwethutyana ngaphambi kokuba uzitye ukuze zifumane incasa yazo.
Ukubeka igadi yetumato kwiimbiza kukuvumela ukuba ukonwabele iziqhamo ezinambitheka ngokwenene ekhaya, ulawule inkqubo ukusuka kwimbewu ukuya etafileni, kwaye ulungelelanise ukulima kuyo nayiphi na ikona enelanga yethala okanye ipatio. Ngokhetho olufanelekileyo lweembiza kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo, isiseko esisemgangathweni, ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ukuchumisa okulinganayo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwezinambuzane nezifo, amathuba okuzalisa ikhitshi lakho ngeetumato ezimnandi, ezinevumba elimnandi, ezikhuliswe ekhaya aphezulu kakhulu, kwaye amava aba lolunye lwezona hambo zinomvuzo zezityalo onokuba nazo kwindawo encinci.
