Phakathi kwezona zityalo zilula kwaye zinevumba elimnandi esinokuzikhulisa, iminti igqamile (I-Mentha spicata), eyaziwa ngevumba layo elihlaziyayo, ukusebenziseka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokupheka, kunye neempawu zayo zokunyanga. Ukuba ufuna ukuba isityalo sakho sibonakale sisempilweni, sinamandla, kwaye sigcwele ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukuqonda yintoni i-mint efuna ukukhulaApha uya kufumana isikhokelo esibanzi nesisebenzayo sokukhulisa i-mint ebukekayo, nokuba kusezimbizeni, emhlabeni, okanye kwiinkqubo eziphambili ezifana ne-hydroponics kunye ne-greenhouses.
Yintoni ukukhula kunye nomjikelo wobomi bepeppermint?
Ipeppermint yi isityalo esingapheliyo, umjikelezo wayo wophuhliso ulungelelanisa kakuhle kwimozulu epholileyo, nangona ikwazi ukumelana noluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo okushisa xa lunikezelwa ngononophelo olufanelekileyo. Ngexesha lokukhula ukukhula okusebenzayo (entwasahlobo nasehlotyeni), izikhondo kunye namagqabi azo aphindaphindeka ngenxa yokwanda kokukhanya kwelanga kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi. Kwimozulu efudumeleyo, oku kukhula kunokudlulela ekuqaleni kokwindla, ngelixa kwiindawo ezibandayo kuya kulala ngexesha lasebusika, kuhlume ngamandla kwakhona xa imozulu ibuya.
Phakathi iimeko eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwepeppermint ukuma:
- Ubushushu: Ikhula kakuhle phakathi kwe 15°C kunye ne 25°C. Ngaphantsi kwe-10°C, iyayeka ukukhula, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-30°C, inokuba noxinzelelo okanye ukutsha kwamagqabi.
- Ukukhanya: Ithanda kakhulu ilanga ngqoUbuncinci iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zokutyala mihla le zicetyiswa kakhulu. Iyakwazi ukunyamezela umthunzi, nangona ukukhula kuya kucotha kwaye amagqabi aya kuba ngaphantsi.
- Unkcenkceshelo: Ifuna ukufuma rhoqo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukulaIingcambu zaso zinochuku kumanzi agqithisileyo kwaye zinokubola lula ukuba amanzi amdaka awaphucukanga.
- Isiseko: Ikhula ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi imihlaba etyebileyo kwizinto eziphilayo, i-acidic encinci ukuya kwi-neutral (pH 6-7.5), kunye nesakhiwo esikhululekile kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-spearmint kunye ne-mint: funda ukuzibona
Ngaphambi kokungena nzulu ekulimeni kwabo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba, nangona zombini ziyinxalenye ye-genus UMeththa, kukho umahluko phakathi kweminti kunye nespearmint:
- Ipeppermint (I-Mentha spicata) Inezikhondo ezinde (ukuya kwi-1 m), i-branched encinci kwaye iluhlaza eqaqambileyo, amagqabi amade anoboya emqolo.
- Minti (UMentha piperita) Incinci (i-40-70 cm), i-branched ngakumbi, i-oval, amaqabunga aluhlaza amnyama, ahlala eneemvini ezibomvu.
Zombini zikhuliswe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa i-spearmint ibalasele ngencasa yayo eneziqholo kunye nokuba luncedo kwayo ekuphekeni nakumayeza asekhaya.
Indawo efanelekileyo kunye nendawo yokukhulisa i-mint
Indawo obeka kuyo iminti egqibeleleyo ngenxa yamandla ayo. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukubeka kwindawo apho ifumana khona ubuncinane iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 zelanga elithe ngqo yonke imihla. Ukuba imozulu ishushu kakhulu, yikhusele kwilanga lasemini ukuze ugweme ukutsha kwamagqabi, nangona iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nomthunzi othile, ngakumbi ngaphakathi kwindlu okanye kwiindawo ezishushu kakhulu.
I-Peppermint yiyo yandisa ngeerhizomes, ngoko ke yinike indawo eninzi ukuba uyikhulisela emhlabeni, okanye khetha imbiza ubuncinane eyi-15x15 cm ububanzi ukuze ivumele ukukhula okuthe tye. Khumbula ukuba iya kufuna ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo embizeni.
Loluphi uhlobo lomhlaba kunye nesubstrate ekhethwa yipeppermint?
Ukuze iminti ikhule kakuhle, nikela ingqalelo kwezi mpawu zomhlaba zilandelayo:
- Ubume: Sandy loam: umxube wesanti, intlenga yentlenga kunye nodongwe oluthile.
- pH: I-asidi kancinane ukuya kokungathathi hlangothi, phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-7.5.
- Izinto eziphilayo: Ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula. Yongeza i-compost esele ikhulile, igalelwe iintshulube, okanye umgquba obole kakuhle.
- Ukukhupha amanzi kunye nokungenisa umoya: Ukuba umhlaba unzima, yongeza isanti, i-perlite, okanye i-coconut fiber ukuphucula amanzi.
Xa utyala kwiimbiza, sebenzisa i-substrates elungiselelwe ngokukodwa izityalo ezinevumba elimnandi, ukuxuba kwisanti erhabaxa ukuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
Ukunkcenkceshela okuchanekileyo kwe-mint: ukuphindaphinda kunye nendlela
El ukunkcenkceshela ngokufanelekileyo yenye yeemfihlo zempumelelo:
- Rhoqo kodwa ungaze ugqithise: Gcina i-substrate ifumile, ingaxutywanga. Ngaphambi kokunkcenkceshela, faka umnwe wakho 2-3 cm kwi-substrate: ukuba yomile, amanzi; ukuba ifumile, yima.
- Rhoqo: Ehlotyeni, amanzi rhoqo ngeentsuku ezi-2-3 (okanye yonke imihla ukuba kushushu kakhulu); ebusika, kanye okanye kabini ngeveki kuya kwanela.
- Indlela: Nkcenkceshela kakuhle emazantsi, ukuphepha ukumanzisa amagqabi ukuthintela ukungunda kunye nezifo.
- Inkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ngamathontsi: Ilungele izityalo ezibanzi, njengoko inika amanzi ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcambu kwaye igcina ukufuma okufanayo, ukonga amanzi kunye nokuphepha iingxaki zefungal.
Ukuthena kunye nokuvuna i-mint: ubuchule bezityalo ezinamagqabi
La ukuthena rhoqo Ivuselela ukukhula ecaleni kwaye ithintele isityalo ekubeni sibe neenkuni. Landela la macebiso:
- Sika iingcebiso zeziqu rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngexesha lonyaka osebenzayo. Oku kukhuthaza isityalo ukuba sivelise amasebe amatsha amaninzi kunye namagqabi, ukudala ukubonakala kwehlathi, ukubonakala kwamagqabi.
- Susa iintyatyambo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba zivele, ukuze isityalo sigxininise amandla aso kumagqabi kwaye kungekhona kwimveliso yembewu.
- Ukuthena ukucoca: Susa amagqabi awomileyo okanye awonakeleyo kunye namasebe ukunqanda izifo.
- Ukuvuna okukhethiweyo: Vuna amagqabi njengoko kufuneka kwizityu zakho okanye infusions, uhlala ushiya ubuncinci â…” besityalo ukuqinisekisa ukuchacha kwaso kunye nokukhula kwakhona.
Ukusikwa okuchanekileyo, ukushiya i-10-15 cm yesiqu ukusuka kwisiseko kunye nokusika ngaphezu kwendawo, kuvumela ukuba amahlumela amatsha amaninzi avele kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa.
Ukuchumisa kunye nesondlo: indlela yokondla i-peppermint ukuze ikhule ngokugqibeleleyo
Ipepermint ayifuni kakhulu kwizichumisi, kodwa iyakuxabisa ukubonelelwa okuphakathi kwezondlo ngexesha lokukhula kwayo:
- Utyebise umhlaba okanye i-substrate phambi kokutyala ngomgquba okanye umgquba ovuthwe kakuhle.
- Ngexesha lasentlakohlaza nasehlotyeni, unokuchumisa kanye ngenyanga ngesichumiso esilulwelo esiphilayo (njengesicatshulwa sombungu).
- Kwizityalo zasemasimini, emva kokusikwa okanye isivuno ngasinye, yongeza umthamo omncinci wesichumiso senitrogen ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwakhona.
- Kwiinkqubo ze-hydroponic, sebenzisa i-a isisombululo sezondlo esilungeleleneyo (NPK 1-1-1), ukunyamekela i-pH (5.8-6.2) kunye ne-conductivity yombane.
Ukusasazwa kunye noHlaziyo: Ukusasaza njani iPeppermint
Yiminti iphindaphindeka ngokulula ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- Ukwenzela ukusikwa: Sika iziqu ezinempilo ubude be-10-15 cm, ususe amagqabi asezantsi. Zibeke emanzini de zibe neengcambu (malunga neeveki ezi-2) kwaye zitshintshele kumhlaba wokugalela.
- Ngokwahlula i-rhizomes: Susa isityalo esidala rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-2-3, yahlula iingcambu ezinamahlumelo angama-2-3 kwaye uphinde uwatyale.
- Ngokwahlula amatyholo: Yahlula izityalo ezikhulileyo zibe ngamacandelo aneengcambu ezilungileyo, ezilungele ukuhlaziywa konyaka.
- Ukuhlwayelwa ngembewu: Ayixhaphakanga kangako, kuba iyacotha kwaye inokuvelisa ukuguquguquka kwemfuzo, kodwa ungantshula imbewu kwindawo efudumeleyo yembewu (20-25°C) kwaye uyifakele xa inama 3-4 ipere zamagqabi okwenene.
Iinkqubo zokulima eziphambili: i-hydroponics kunye ne-greenhouse
Ukongeza kulimo lwemveli kwiimbiza okanye iigadi, i-peppermint iyachuma ngeendlela zangoku ezenza uphuhliso lwayo lube lukhulu:
IHydroponics
Ukulima okungenamhlaba, ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ze-NFT (iNutrient Film Technique) ivumela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye namagqabi akumgangatho ophezulu, ngenxa yokulawula ngokupheleleyo izondlo, amanzi neoksijini ezingcanjini. Kubalulekile ukugcina isisombululo sezondlo silungelelene kwaye usitshintshe rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10, ukulungelelanisa i-pH kunye ne-conductivity.
Ukulima kweGreenhouse
I-greenhouse iyakuvumela ukuvelisa i-mint unyaka wonke, kunye ne-microclimate elawulwayo (ubushushu phakathi kwe-20-25 ° C, umswakama we-60-70%, kunye nokukhanya okwaneleyo). Sebenzisa umxube wefiber yekhokhonathi, i-perlite, kunye ne-vermiculite njenge-substrate, faka i-organically, kwaye ulawule ukufuma ngokunkcenkceshela. Ukungena komoya kubalulekile ukuthintela umngundo.
Ukhathalelo lwezinambuzane kunye nothintelo lwezifo
I-Peppermint, nangona ixhathisa, inokuhlaselwa:
- ZintwalaIzinambuzane ezincinci eziluhlaza ezenza iikoloni kwaye zifunxa incindi. Zilawulwa ngemigibe encangathi, isepha ye-potassium, okanye i-oyile ye-neem.
- Amangolwane (isigcawu esibomvu): Zibangela amagqabi aluthuthu kunye neentambo zentambo. Tshiza amanzi ngaphantsi okanye usebenzise i-organic acaricides.
- Impukane emhlophe: Inciphisa amagqabi kwaye ibangele umbethe wobusi. Susa ngesandla kwaye usebenzise imigibe yombala.
- Iibhabhathane kunye namanundu: Iimopane ziqwenga amagqabi. Zisuse ngesandla okanye ugalele amayeza okubulala izinambuzane.
- Ukungunda (ukungunda, umhlwa): Ibangelwa kukufuma okugqithisileyo. Kuphephe ukumanzisa amagqabi kwaye usebenzise imichiza yebhayoloji yokungunda.
Jonga izityalo zakho rhoqo, thatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu zohlaselo, kwaye udibanise ukuthena okucocekileyo kunye nolawulo lwendalo ukugcina i-mint yakho isempilweni.
Izibonelelo, ukusetyenziswa kunye neempawu zepeppermint
I-Peppermint ixabiswa ekuphekeni, kumayeza endalo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwekhaya kwiipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo:
- Ukugaya: Ukunciphisa ukungonwabi kwesisu kunye nokuncedisa ukugaya, ngenxa ye-carvone kunye ne-limonene.
- Antioxidant: Zityebile kwi-flavonoids ezifana ne-rosmarinic acid, engathathi hlangothi ii-radicals zamahhala.
- I-Antimicrobial kunye ne-anti-inflammatory: Ioyile zayo ezibalulekileyo zilwa neentsholongwane, umngundo kunye neentsholongwane, zithomalalisa iintlungu neentlungu.
- Ukuthomalalisa: I-Menthol inceda ekucoceni iindlela zomoya.
- egxotha yendalo: Igxotha izinambuzane, ihlaziya amagunjana kwaye ikhusela izilwanyana zasekhaya kwiintakumba neentwala.
Ekhitshini, amagqabi ayo amatsha okanye omisiweyo atyebisa i-infusions, i-cocktails, isaladi, isityu, kunye neepastries. Kwimpilo yendalo, isetyenziselwa i-infusions ukukhulula iintloko kunye nokuphucula ukucoceka komlomo.
Ukuvuna kunye nokugcina i-mint: inyathelo ngenyathelo
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokuvuna li kanye phambi kokutyatyamba, xa amagqabi enevumba elimnandi. Yenza le nto yokuqala kusasa, emva kokuba umbethe uphelile. Sebenzisa izikere ezicocekileyo, usike izikhondo ngaphezu kwendawo edibeneyo kwaye ushiye ubuncinane i-10-15 cm ukusuka kwisiseko ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwakhona.
Ulondolozo:
- Yomisa amagqabi ngokuwabopha abe zizithungu kwaye uwaxhome ajonge phantsi kwindawo eyomileyo, emnyama, nengena umoya. Kuphephe ukuwabeka ekukhanyeni kwelanga, njengoko oku kuya kuthoba ivumba elibi.
- Ukusebenzisa owomileyo, gcina kwiingqayi zeglasi ezingangeni moya xa uphelelwe ngamanzi.
- Intsha, inokugcinwa emanzini iintsuku ezininzi, itshintshe yonke imihla.
- Unokukhenkceza amagqabi amatsha kwiingxowa ezingangeni moya okanye kwi cubes zomkhenkce.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo kunye nemibuzo malunga nokunakekelwa kwepeppermint
- Amagqabi amthubi: Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa ukungabikho kwamanzi amaninzi okanye i-nitrogen. Lungisa ukunkcenkceshela kwakho kwaye ufake isichumiso esilungeleleneyo.
- Isityalo esibuthathaka okanye esomileyo: Oku kusenokuba ngenxa yokungabikho kokukhanya, ukunkcenkceshela ngokungaqhelekanga, okanye iingcambu ezonakaliswe kukugcwala kwamanzi. Ukuphucula indawo kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
- Iintyatyambo zangaphambi kwexesha: Sika i-inflorescences ukwandisa ixesha lokuvunwa kwamagqabi athambileyo.
- Ubutyhefu kwizilwanyana zasekhaya: Ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo, i-peppermint ayidla ngokuba yityhefu, kodwa dibana nogqirha wakho wezilwanyana ukuba isilwanyana sakho sisitya rhoqo.
Ukukhula kunye nokunyamekela ipeppermint kulula ukuba uyayigubungela Iimfuno eziphambili: ukukhanya, ukufuma, i-substrate echumileyo, indawo kunye nokuthenwa rhoqoNgokulawula izitshabalalisi, ukurisayikilishwa ngokusikwa, kunye nokubonelela ngezondlo, uya kuba nesityalo esisempilweni, esinevumba elimnandi, nesivelisayo, esilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiiresiphi zakho kunye nonyango lwasekhaya. Ngezi ngcebiso, i-mint yakho iya kuba yinkwenkwezi eluhlaza kwibalcony yakho, igadi, okanye ikhitshi.
