Ukuba uyawathanda amacheri kwaye uyazibuza ukuba ungazikhulisa njani ezo ziqhamo zinkulu, ziqinile, ziswiti ozibona kwiimarike ezithumela ngaphandle elizweni lakho, Umthi wecherry waseChile Sisityalo esifanelwe ukufundwa nzulu. I-Chile iye yaba lilizwe elihamba phambili ngokuvelisa esi siqhamo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yesimo sezulu esikhethekileyo, kodwa nangenxa yolawulo oluphucukileyo lobugcisa, oluyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba luhamba lusiya e-China ngelixa lugcina umgangatho walo.
Kule migca ilandelayo siza kubona, ngokweenkcukacha kwaye ngaphandle kokubetha malunga nehlathi, ukuba badibanisa njani imozulu, umhlaba, iindidi, iziphunzi zeengcambu, ukuxinana kokutyala, ukunkcenkceshela, ukuthena kunye neenkqubo zoqeqesho ukuphumeza imiyezo efanayo, enemveliso, kunye nenengeniso kwixesha elide. Uya kubona kwakhona ukuba zeziphi iimpazamo eziphindaphindwayo amaxesha ngamaxesha kwaye ungaziphepha njani, nokuba unegadi encinci okanye uceba ukutyala iihektare ezininzi zemithi yecherry.
I-cherry yaseChile kunye nemozulu: phi kwaye njani ikhula kakuhle
Impumelelo yomthi wecherry yaseChile ivela kwabanye iimeko zemozulu ezikhethekileyo ezingafumanekiyo naphi na. I-Chile inemozulu yeMeditera enobusika obubandayo, obumanzi kunye nehlobo elishushu, elomileyo, lilungele umthi wecherry ukuba uqokelele ingqele yasebusika emva koko uvuthwe iziqhamo ezisemgangathweni.
Kwintliziyo yemveliso yimimandla efana ne O'Higgins kunye noMauleIfumaneka kumbindi welizwe, le ndawo ibonakaliswe ngezinto ezininzi: uluhlu olubanzi lwezibanzi, iintlambo, amathafa kunye neentaba, impembelelo yokumodareyitha yeentaba zeAndes kunye noLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, amanzi amaninzi okunkcenkceshela, kwaye, okubaluleke kakhulu, inkathazo ephantsi kunye noxinzelelo lwezifo ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa kwendawo.
Ngokumalunga namaqondo obushushu, ukuze isitiya semifuno sisebenze kakuhle, ubusika obunamaqondo obushushu aphakathi I-7-14 ºC evumela ukuba kuqokelelwe iiyure ezibandayo ezaneleyo, kunye nehlobo kunye namaqondo obushushu aphakathi ngaphezulu kwe I-18-28 ºCOlu luhlu luthanda ukudumba okulungileyo, ukusetwa kweziqhamo kunye nokutyeba kweziqhamo, kucutha umngcipheko womonakalo kwiqabaka kade okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ixesha lecherry yaseChile ngokubanzi lihamba ukusuka Oktobha ukuya kuFebruwariOku kuxa ivunwa kwaye ithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle. Incopho yokubonelela isuka kwisiqingatha sesibini sikaDisemba ukuya kwiveki yokuqala kaJanuwari, iiveki eziphambili kwimarike yoNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina kunye nokufumana amaxabiso angcono.
Iindlela zokulima iCherry kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa eChile
Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje kuye kwaphuhliswa eziliqela iinkqubo zokulima noqeqesho Yenzelwe ukwandisa imveliso ngehektare nganye, ikhawulezise ukuqala kwemveliso, kwaye ikhusele isiqhamo. Akunjalo nje ngokutyala imithi, kodwa malunga nokuyila "iifektri zecherry" ezifanelekileyo ngokwenene.
Enye yezinto zokwahlula eChile kukusetyenziswa kwe izigqubuthelo okanye izigqubuthelo phezu kwamabhoma. Ezi zakhiwo, ezinokususela kwiitonela ezide ukuya kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo, zijolise ekukhuseleni isiqhamo emvuleni (ebangela ukuqhekeka), isichotho, kunye nemitha yelanga egqithisileyo, logama ikwavumela ulawulo olungcono lobushushu kunye nokufuma.
Eyona nkqubo yemveli ihlala i ukulima ngaphandle, kunye nemithi ye-cherry etyalwe ngokuthe ngqo emhlabeni kwimiqolo okanye izikwere, inkcenkceshelwa nge-drip okanye i-sprinkler kunye nokuqeqeshwa kunye nokuthenwa kweziqhamo ukulungiselela umthi kunye nokuququzelela ukuvuna.
Kwiindawo ezivezwe ngakumbi, oku kulandelayo kusetyenziswa: ukulima kwegreenhouseIxabisa kakhulu malunga notyalo-mali kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, kodwa iyasebenza kakhulu ekuziseni izivuno, ukuphucula ubungakanani beziqhamo, kunye nokuqinisekisa iikhilos ezithengiswayo. Lukhetho lwe-niche olungaphezulu, olunenzuzo xa ujolise kwiimarike zakwangoko kakhulu ngamaxabiso aphezulu.
Isisombululo esiphakathi yi inkqubo yetonela ephezuluapho kufakwe i-arched izakhiwo ezigqunywe ngeplastiki okanye i-mesh ukuze zigqume imiqolo. Zikhusela imvula, umoya, kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo, zivumela umoya wendalo, kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi kune-greenhouse epheleleyo, ngelixa zandisa ixesha lokukhula kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko ngenxa yomonakalo wemozulu.
Ngaphaya koko, kukho imiyezo emininzi nangakumbi Ulimo oluthe nkqo lwe trellisapho imithi iqeqeshwa kwi trellis okanye isakhiwo socingo. Oku konga indawo, kuphucula ukukhanya nokungenisa umoya, kwaye kuququzelela kakhulu umsebenzi wabasebenzi wokuthena, ukucheba, nokuvuna, nto leyo ebalulekileyo kumasimi axinana kakhulu.
Inzuzo, ukuxinana kokutyala, kunye neenkqubo eziphezulu zemveliso
Ngaphakathi kokukhula kweziqhamo zaseChile, icherry iye yaba yenye shishini elinenzuzoNgokuchaseneyo nezinye izityalo ezihlupheke ngamaxesha onyaka wenzuzo ephantsi okanye engenanzuzo, indawo etyaliweyo iye yanda kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje, idlula ngokulula iqikelelo leehektare ezingama-40.000 kwaye isondela kwi-50.000 okanye ngaphezulu, ngokutsho kwabacebisi bentsimi.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-boom kwindawo yomhlaba, iChile iyaqhubeka nokujikeleza isivuno esiphakathi malunga neetoni ezisi-7 ngehektare nganyeEli nani lithozamile xa kujongwa ukuxhaphaka kweentlobo ezinokwenzeka eziphezulu ezifana neSantina, iLapins, kunye neRegina emazantsi. Lo msantsa phakathi kwezinto ezinokubakho kunye nokwenyani ubonisa ukuba iifama ezininzi zenza into engafanelekanga, nokuba kuyilo, kulawulo, okanye kunyulo lwemathiriyeli yezityalo.
Olunye lolona tshintsho lukhulu luye lwamkelwa amabhoma anoxinano oluphezulu kudityaniswe nesiqu esincinci okanye esincinci. Kubonisiwe ukuba izivuno ezikhulayo zinxulunyaniswa ngamandla nenani lemithi ngehektare nganye, ngaphandle kokuba isakhiwo kunye nokuthenwa zilawulwa kakuhle.
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ziye zahlalutywa kwiimvavanyo ezithelekisayo: i-axis ethe nkqo, i-Slender Axe, i-V-shaped systems, inqanawa yaseSpain, kunye ne-axis ephakathi yendabuko. i-axis ethe nkqo Yayiyeyona ifumene esona sivuno siphezulu kwiminyaka esibhozo (malunga ne-69 t/ha), ilandelwa yi-Slender Ax kunye ne-“V” (malunga ne-59 t/ha), ivazi yase-Spanish (47 t/ha) kwaye, ngasemva kakhulu, i-axis esembindini yoxinaniso olusezantsi (malunga ne-32 t/ha).
Uxinaniso luchaza inxalenye enkulu yalo mahluko. Ubudlelwane obusondeleyo bukhe babonwa phakathi ukuxinana kokutyala kunye neekhilogram eziqokelelweyokunye ne-axis ethe nkqo esebenza ngaphezu kokulindelweyo kwinani lemithi. Ngokwenyani, kucetyiswa ukuba ubuncinci boxinaniso lwezityalo ezimalunga nama-700 ngehektare nganye, kwaye akukho ngqiqweni ukuxoxa ngeeprojekthi ezisondele kwimithi engama-2.000 ngehektare nganye kusetyenziswa iziphunzi zengcambu ezilawula ngempumelelo amandla.
Nangona kunjalo, ukwanda koxinzelelo kukwathetha ukulungisa uyilo lwegadi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kungcono ukuba ukuphakama komthi Isithuba akufunekanga sidlule kwi-60-70% yomgama phakathi kwemiqolo. Umzekelo, nge-4 m imiqolo, ubude bomthi obufanelekileyo bujikeleze i-2,4 m, enokulawulwa ubukhulu becala ukusuka emhlabeni, ifuna i-scaffolding encinci kunye nokwandisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwabasebenzi.
Umhlaba, ukulungiswa kunye nokukhethwa kweengcambu zengcambu
Enye yeendawo apho iimpazamo ezininzi zenziwa ku ulawulo lomhlaba phambi kokutyala. Iiprojekthi ezininzi zizama ukonga imali ngokuchanekileyo kwisahluko esiya kumisela ikamva legadi yeziqhamo amashumi eminyaka, kwaye oko kuza ngexabiso eliphezulu ngendlela yemithi ebuthathaka, ukuphefumla kweengcambu, iingxaki zokuhambisa amanzi kunye nezivuno eziphantsi.
Kukho ingcamango ekwabelwana ngayo phakathi kwamagcisa anamava ukuba Akukho mihlaba imbi, kuphela izenzo zolawulo ezingalunganga.Uhlobo lomhlaba—ukwakheka kwawo, ubunzulu nokuchuma kwawo—lulo olugqibayo ukukhetha iziphunzi zeengcambu, ukuxinana kokutyala, indlela yokunkcenkceshela, kwanomlinganiselo wokusebenzisa oomatshini. Ukungaphumeleli ukulungisa umhlaba ngokucokisekileyo kukubeka emngciphekweni amandla okuvelisa ukususela kusuku lokuqala.
Ukulungiselela kufuneka kuqondwe kumanqanaba amabini. Kwelinye icala, i umaleko olimekayo we-0-30 cmenokuthi isetyenzwe ngoomatshini abaqhelekileyo be-horticultural (ikhuba, iharrow, i-rototiller). Kwelinye icala, i umhlaba ongaphantsi kwe-30 cm kunye ne-1,20 mefuna ibulldozer, i-subsoiler enzima okanye i-claw excavator ukwaphula izinto ezihlangeneyo, iileya eziqinileyo kunye nokuphucula amanzi anzulu.
Iindleko ze-subsoiling enzulu zinokubakho 900-1.000 US$/haEli linani elincinci kakhulu xa lithelekiswa ne-US$21.000-23.000/ha kubiza ukutyala ihektare enye yemithi yecherry. Ukungatyali mali kwesi sigaba kunokuthetha ukuphulukana neetoni zeziqhamo ngexesha lonyaka ngalinye, kucuthwe ubomi begadi yeziqhamo kwaye konakalise inzuzo epheleleyo yeprojekthi.
Ukongeza kwisakhiwo, kubalulekile ukwazi ngokweenkcukacha amanqanaba ezondlo kunye namandla otshintshiselwano lwe-cation (CEC) yomhlaba, ukusebenzisa izilungiso eziyimfuneko (i-limestone, i-gypsum, i-organic matter, njl.) kwaye uzibandakanye ngokujika okanye ukugubha. Ngaphandle kwemihlaba elungeleleneyo kunye ne-aerated, umthi we-cherry uba lula kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwamanzi, izifo zengcambu kunye nomonakalo wasebusika.
Ukukhetha uhlobo lomhlaba kunxulunyaniswa nohlobo lomhlaba. iingcambuE-Chile, uluhlu lwee-rootstocks ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo anamandla kunye nomhlaba, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye neemfuno zezondlo zisetyenziswa. Xa sithetha ngokubanzi, isiphunzi sengcambu esomeleleyo sikholisa ukukhokelela ekuchumeni okuphantsi kunye nemveliso yamva, logama isiphunzi esinamandla asezantsi sizisa isiqalo semveliso kwaye sandise umthwalo weziqhamo, kodwa sifuna ukuthenwa ngononophelo kunye nolawulo lweziqhamo.
Iingcambu zengcambu zoluhlu Gisela Bangumzekelo omhle. Kulingo oluneentlobo ezifana ne-Hedelfinger, kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba imithi emiliselwe kwi-Gisela 5 imalunga ne-21% emincinci kunaleyo imiliselwe kwi-Gisela 6, kwaye ezi, nazo, zimalunga ne-9% emincinci kunezo zimiliselwe kwiingcambu ezomeleleyo zodidi lwe-MXM.2. I-rootstocks ye-Gisela iphinda ibonise imbonakalo "ezolileyo" ngakumbi, ilungele ukuxinana okuphezulu kokutyala.
Ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso, i-Gisela 5 iye yavelisa ngokuphindwe kashumi ngaphezu kwe-MXM.2 kunyaka wesine kwaye ngokuphindwe kane ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kweminyaka esibhozo, ngelixa i-Gisela 6 inikezele malunga nemveliso ephindwe kasixhenxe kunyaka wesine kunye namaxesha angama-3,5 ngokuphindaphindiweyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-MXM.2. Nangona kunjalo, iGisela 5 idla ngokubonisa a umthwalo ogqithisileyo onciphisa ubungakanani besiqhamo, ngakumbi ngeendidi ezineziqhamo kakhulu ezifana neLapins okanye iSweetheart, ezifuna ukuthenwa okunzulu kunye nokunciphisa.
Iindidi zeCherry: ukukhetha ngokwemozulu kunye nentengiso
Ukukhetha kakuhle iintlobo zecherry Le yenye intsika ephambili. Indidi nganye ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zengqele yasebusika, ukunyamezela ubushushu behlobo, imveliso, ukuxhathisa ukuqhekeka kwemvula, ukomelela kwepulp, kunye nexesha lokuvuthwa. Ukutyala iindidi ngaphandle kwendawo efanelekileyo ye-agroclimatic yindlela yokuvuna isivuno esibi kunye nemithi ephazamisayo.
Iindidi zidla ngokudityaniswa ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha kunye nasemva kwexeshakwaye kuxhomekeke ekubeni zizichumisile (azidingi i-pollinator) okanye zi-self-infertile (zifuna iintlobo ezihambelanayo). Kwiindawo ezininzi zemveliso, iintlobo ezininzi zidityanisiwe ukudodobalisa isivuno kunye nokwahlukana kwemingcipheko yemozulu neyezorhwebo.
Phakathi iintlobo zokuqala Iindidi eziphawulekayo ziquka iCavalier, iChelan, kunye noKristin. I-Cavalier ivelisa ubungakanani obuphakathi, obomvu obumnyama, isiqhamo esiqinileyo somgangatho omhle kakhulu, kodwa ifuna i-rootstocks evela kwintsapho yakwaGisela ukufikelela kwisakhono sayo sokuvelisa ngokupheleleyo, njengoko ithanda ukuvelisa kancinci kwi-rootstocks enamandla. I-Chelan ibonakala ngokuvuthwa kwayo kwangoko, ubungakanani obuhle, kunye nokuqina, nangona incasa yayo iphucuka kakhulu ukuba ivunyelwe ukuba ivuthwe ngokupheleleyo emthini.
Kwiqela le phakathi kwisiziniIindidi ezinjenge-Benton, i-WhiteGold, i-Glacier, kunye ne-Lapins zibonise ukusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. ILapins, etyalwe kakhulu e Chile, ivelisa isiqhamo esikhulu esimnyama-bomvu se mahogany esinencasa ebalaseleyo kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Iyazichubela kwaye iyayinyamezela imvula, nangona kweminye iminyaka nakwiindawo, iingxaki zokuvaleka komphezulu kunye nobuntununtunu kwiqabaka ezimandla zasebusika ziye zabonwa.
Okokuvuna MvaURegina kunye noSweetheart ngamagama amabini aphantse abe sisinyanzelo. I-Regina ivelisa icheri enkulu, eyomeleleyo kakhulu eneziqu ezinde kunye nombala onzulu, omnyama obomvu, nokwazi ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Iqhakaza emva kwexesha, nto leyo inceda ukuphepha iqabaka zasentwasahlobo, kodwa ifuna inkxaso ye-pollinators ekhula kade. Sweetheart, kwelinye icala, ivala ixesha lonyaka ngekhwalithi elungileyo, iziqhamo eziqinileyo, ezibomvu eziqaqambileyo kunye nezivuno eziphezulu kakhulu, nangona ubukhulu bunokuba phakathi ukuba umthwalo wesityalo awulawulwa, ngakumbi kwiingcambu ezincinci.
Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuqinisekisa a imveliso ezinzileyo Kubalulekile ukwazi iiyure ezibandayo zendawo, umngcipheko wemvula ngexesha lokuvuthwa kunye neemfuno zorhwebo (ubungakanani obuncinci, ukuqina, umbala), kunye nokulungelelanisa indibaniselwano ye-rootstock ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgangatho wezityalo, imigama yokutyala, kunye noyilo lokunkcenkceshela
Nangona kunjalo luhle uyilo lisephepheni, ukuba i izityalo zasenkulisa Azikho kumgangatho; igadi iya kuba neengxaki iminyaka. Ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka ube nezityalo ezinempilo, ezinobungakanani obuhle kunye nenkqubo yeengcambu ezininzi kunye nokusabalalisa kakuhle, ngaphandle kwezifo ezifana nenyongo yesithsaba.
Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, oku kulandelayo kuyakhethwa: izityalo ezigqityiweyo ezinengcambu ukutyala phakathi ebusika, okanye izityalo ezifakwe kwiimbiza zokutyala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. "Ukuwisa" izithole, nangona zinexabiso eliphantsi, zikholisa ukuba nesantya esisezantsi sokusinda kwaye zivelise amabhoma ahlukeneyo, anemithi yobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima bolawulo.
Ngokuphathelele imigama yokutyalaKumabhoma ale mihla, intsingiselo ibhekiselele kwizithuba emxinwa zemiqolo evumela ukuxinana okuphezulu ngaphandle kokudala iindonga ezingalawulekiyo zezityalo. Isikhokelo esisebenzayo sesokuba ubude bomthi bokugqibela kufuneka bumele phakathi kwe-60 kunye ne-70% yomgama phakathi kwemiqolo, njengoko sele sixoxile, ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okulungileyo kokungena kunye nokunciphisa iindawo ezinomthunzi kunye nezingenamveliso.
Inani elichanekileyo lezityalo kwihektare nganye liya kuhlala lixhomekeke kwi ingcambu/indibaniselwano yeentlobo ngeentlobo, ukuchuma komhlaba kunye nenkqubo yoqeqeshoIingcambu ezinamandla kakhulu ziya kunyamezela ukuxinana okuphantsi; ezona zincinci, ukuxinana okuphezulu kakhulu kunye nezakhiwo zenkxaso kunye nokuthenwa okuthe ngqo. Ayikho ipateni enye yokutyala egqibeleleyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uyilo luphendule kwiinjongo ezicacileyo: ukuthena nokucheba kube lula, ukuthembeka kwesivuno, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Ngokuhambelanayo, i uyilo lwenkqubo yokunkcenkceshela ephucukileyo Ayinakuthatyathwa lula. Kuqhelekile ukuwela kwisihendo sokukhetha eyona projekthi yokunkcenkceshela inexabiso eliphantsi ngehektare nganye, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi olu yilo lucombulula kuphela inkalo yehydraulic kwaye alubandakanyi imilinganiselo ye-agronomic, efana nokudityaniswa komhlaba, ubunzulu beengcambu obulindelekileyo, okanye ubuchule bokuvundisa.
Kwicherry yaseChile, amagcisa amaninzi akhetha iinkqubo ze umgca wokuthontsiza kabini Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zokunkcenkceshela, iinkqubo zokunkcenkceshela zokunkcenkceshela zivumela ukugxininiswa okungcono kwesichumisi, ukuphuculwa kokuhamba kweoksijini kwi-rhizosphere, kunye nokumanzisa okunzulu kweprofayili yomhlaba, ukulungelelanisa isantya sokuhamba kwe-emitter (2, 3, 6, okanye 4 L / h, umzekelo) kwi-texture yomhlaba. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuncitshiswe inani leendawo zokunkcenkceshela ngenkqubo nganye ukuya malunga ne-4-5 ukuqinisekisa ubuninzi obufunekayo bokunkcenkceshela ngexesha lokukhula okuphezulu.
Ixesha lokutyala kunye nobuchule bokusekwa
El ixesha lokutyalwa kwemithi yecherry Kwaye indlela eyenziwe ngayo yenza wonke umahluko phakathi kwesiqalo esinamandla kunye neprojekthi egwetyiweyo kwasekuqaleni. Kwizityalo ezingenanto, kucetyiswa ngokubanzi ukuba zisuswe kwi-nursery eqala kwiveki yokuqala kaJuni (kwimeko yaseChile) kwaye uzityale ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi komhla wama-25 kaJulayi, usebenzisa i-dormancy yasebusika kunye nokufuma komhlaba.
Kwizityalo ezifakwe engxoweni, kuqhelekile ukuzikhupha kwi-nursery ukuqala ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini seyoMsintsiXa amahlumela edlula i-20 cm, tshala ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhethekileyo ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-Oktobha, ukuthintela ukuba bangabikho emanzini okanye bagxininise kakhulu engxoweni.
Ngaphambi kokungena emngxunyeni, izityalo kufuneka bulala iintsholongwane Ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-crown gall (i-Agrobacterium tumefaciens) kunye nezinye izifo, indibaniselwano yamayeza okubulala izinambuzane kunye nezichumisi zokuqala zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumngxuma wokutyala ukukhusela inkqubo yeengcambu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu ezinzulu.
Ngokuphathelele ubuchule, kubonakaliswe ukuba kukhethwa ukuvula imingxuma emikhulu (umzekelo, 40 x 40 x 40 cm) Sebenzisa imisele elula, emxinwa. Injongo kukuba iingcambu zisasazeke, ngaphandle kokugoba okanye ukujija, zijongiswe malunga ne-angle ye-45 ° ezantsi ukukhuthaza ukuphononongwa komhlaba ongaphantsi. Naziphi na iingcambu ezigoso okanye ezingabekwanga kakuhle kufuneka zichetywe ukunqanda iingxaki zesakhiwo kwixesha elizayo.
Izityalo kufuneka zonke zibe kwinqanaba elinye. ukuphakama okufanayo ngokubhekiselele entanyeniI-graft ityalwe malunga ne-5 cm ngaphezu kwe-graft union, kodwa i-rootstock-scion union mayingaze igqunywe ukunqanda ukuba i-scion ingabi namandla kakhulu okanye ikhule iindawo zokubola kwibala le-graft. Ngeengcambu ezifana neGisela 5, 6, okanye 12, abanye abalimi bakhetha ukuzityala nzulu kancinci ukuze zivuselele amandla okuqala.
Ngezityalo ezifakwe engxoweni, ingxowa iyasuswa, kwaye i isonka seengcambu Ukuyenza ikhululeke kunye neengcambu ezibonakalayo ("uboya"), iingcambu ezijikelezayo zinqunyulwa, kwaye iprotocol efanayo ilandelwa njengengcambu engenanto: ukuphakama okulinganayo, intamo ayingcwatywanga kakhulu kwaye i-graft union ibonakaliswe kakuhle emoyeni.
Ulawulo lwegadi eselula: ukuthenwa okuncinci kunye noqeqesho
Nge amabhoma anoxinano oluphezulu Kwiingcambu ezincinci, ulawulo lweminyaka embalwa yokuqala lubalulekile. Ngokwesiko, imithi emincinci ye-cherry yayithenwa kancinci, ivumela umthi ukuba "ukhule" ngokwemvelo kwaye uhlehlise ukungenelela okukhulu. Namhlanje, kuyaziwa ukuba, kwiinkqubo ezinzulu, utyalo-mali kuqeqesho olululo lokuqala luhlawula izabelo ezibalulekileyo ngokokuqala kunye nomgangatho.
Umbono jikelele kukudibanisa a ukuthenwa okuncinci kwiminyaka emithathu okanye emine yokuqala ngobuchule be-branching obunceda ukoyisa ukongamela okuqinileyo kwe-apical yomthi wecherry. Esikhundleni sokuhlala ucofa amasebe anonyaka owodwa ubudala, ukuphuhliswa kwamahlumela asecaleni asasazwa kakuhle kunye nenkokeli kuyakhuthazwa ngokugoba, ukugoba, okanye ukwenza imicu emincinci, ngaphandle kokuthenwa okugqithisileyo.
Ukuqala ku-a umthi we nursery owakhiwe kakuhle Yenza yonke into ibe lula. Kwiinkqubo zenkokheli ezithe nkqo okanye ezibhityileyo, oyena mthi umhle kakhulu unamasebe asecaleni asasazwe kakuhle, aza kufuna ukuthenwa okuncinci kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala kwaye iza kuqala ukuvelisa iziqhamo kungekudala. Kwiinkqubo ze-vase, i-shrub, okanye i-"V", imithi ephantsi kancinci iyakhethwa, apho kulula ukukhetha amasebe aphambili ukusuka ekuqaleni.
Amava ovavanyo exesha elide abonise ukuba imithi enobukho obulungileyo beziqhamo zakwangoko kunye nodidi olukhulu iphumeza imveliso ephezulu kakhulu kunyaka wesithathu nowesihlanu xa kuthelekiswa nezo zincinci, ezithatha ixesha elide ukugcwalisa indawo kunye neziqhamo rhoqo.
Kwinyani yaseChile, kusekho ngokwentelekiso imifuniselo emikhulu embalwa enemithi egqitywe kakhulu Ukutyalwa (okulayishwe zizityalo ezikhula kwangoko) ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yenkxalabo yokuba kuya kunciphisa ukufana kweploti. Nangona kunjalo, xa zilawulwa kakuhle kwaye zilinganiselwe kwinani elifanelekileyo lezityalo ezikhula kwangoko, ezi zixhobo zinokunika inzuzo enomdla kakhulu ekuqaleni, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezixineneyo ezineengcambu eziphakathi ukuya kwezisezantsi.
Icwangciswe kakuhle kwasekuqaleni-imozulu, umhlaba, iintlobo, iziqu, ukuxinana, ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuthena-igadi yecherry yaseChile ingaba yintsimi. umatshini wokuvelisa eziqinileyo, eziswiti, iicherry ezinkulu Kangangeminyaka emininzi, ikwazile ukumelana nohambo olude oluya kwiimarike ezinkulu zehlabathi ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho kunye nokugcina inzuzo eqinileyo ngexesha lonyaka.