Emva kwesampuli nganye egawuliweyo kukho umxube we umngcipheko wokhuselekoUxinzelelo lwasekuhlaleni, izigqibo zobugcisa, kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, ingxoxo yezopolitiko malunga nokugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye nolawulo lwezinambuzane. Ngelixa zisasazeka ngakumbi unyango lwezinambuzaneNgokusebenzisa iijeli ezintle kunye nemigibe yepheromone, iindawo ezininzi zikhetha ukutshintsha imithi yesundu elahlekileyo ngezinye iintlobo zemithi, ezikwaziyo ukumelana neemeko ezinzima ukuthintela ukuba indawo yedolophu ingahlali ingenanto kangangeminyaka.
Izicwangciso zokuthintela kunye netekhnoloji yokutsala abantu abanesifo seempethu ezibomvu
Izicwangciso ezithile ziyakhuthazwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Ukuthintela i-red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus)Ezi nkqubo zidibanisa amanyathelo angxamisekileyo namaqhinga exesha eliphakathi. Zihlala ziquka ukuhlolwa okucwangcisiweyo kwemithi yesundu, ukunqunyulwa kweendawo ezithintelweyo, kunye neendlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukuqhambuka okufunyenweyo.
Enye yezona ndlela zibalaseleyo kukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunomtsalaneLe nkqubo, ecetyiswa ngamaqela eengcali ukunciphisa inani labantu abadala bezinambuzane kwiindawo zasezidolophini nakwiindlela ezikufutshane, isekelwe kwijeli enamathelayo esetyenziswa kwizinto ezithe nkqo, ezifana nezibane zasezitalatweni okanye iziqu zemithi yesundu ezichaphazelekileyo. Ijeli yenziwe ngeepheromones kunye neekairomones ezitsala ii-red palm weevils ezindala.
Ijeli ikwaquka dibana nesibulali zinambuzaneukuze i-weevil ife xa idibana nomphezulu ocociweyo. Ukukhutshwa kwee-pheromones kunokuvelisa isiphumo esifana neso sibizwa ngokuba "kukuphazamiseka kokudibana kwezilwanyana," indlela esele isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiigadi zeziqhamo ukuphazamisa izinambuzane nokunciphisa amandla azo okuzala.
Olu hlobo lwesenzo luncediswa kukungenelela kwi izinto eziphambili ekugxilwe kuzo Ifunyenwe kwizixeko nakwiindlela ezixakekileyo, injongo kukunciphisa ukusasazeka kwayo kwiindawo ezingenazo ezi zinambuzane. Amava afunyenwe kwiiphulo zangaphambili anceda ekuhlanganiseni imodeli yokusebenza phakathi kwamaziko emfundo ekulindeleke ukuba inyuswe kwixesha elizayo lonyaka, ingakumbi entwasahlobo, xa umsebenzi wokubhabha kwabantu abadala usanda.
Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokukhawuleza kunye nokhuseleko loluntu kwiindawo zokuthengisa imithi nakwiipaki
Ngelixa kusetyenziswa unyango lokuthintela, oomasipala abaninzi banyanzelekile ukuba susa imithi yesundu eyonakeleyo ngenxa yokungazinzi okubangelwa kukwanda kwezifo. Izithsaba ezibuthathaka, iziqu ezibolileyo ngaphakathi, kunye neengcambu eziwohlokileyo zinyusa umngcipheko wokuwa, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iidolophu kwiValencian Community, amabhunga asekuhlaleni sele egawule imithi. iikopi ezininzi kwizikwere eziphakathi Eli nyathelo lenziwe emva kokuba kufunyenwe iimpawu ezicacileyo zokuhlaselwa yi-red palm weevil ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo. Isizathu esiphambili sesigqibo kukuthintela iingozi kwiindawo zabahambi ngeenyawo apho, kwezinye iimeko, imithi yesundu sele iwile kwiminyaka yakutshanje.
Isigqibo sokususa le mithi senziwa ngaxeshanye imisebenzi yokuvuselela izixekoeziquka ukuhlaziywa komgangatho, ifenitshala kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, ukutshintshwa kwemithi yesundu nezinye iintlobo njengemithi yebhanana, imithi yelamuni okanye eminye imithi enika umthunzi wehlobo ngakumbi kwaye ayichaphazeleki lula yi-weevil.
Ezi zenzo azinakuphikiswana. Inkcaso kamasipala idla ngokuchaza inxalenye yemeko njengebangelwa "ukunqongophala kokugcinwa" kwimbali Ngokuphathelele imithi, abemi bafuna izicwangciso ezithile zokukhusela kunye noluhlu oluneenkcukacha lweentlobo ezikhoyo. Amaqela karhulumente, ngokwawo, athi iikhontrakthi zokugcinwa kwepaki negadi ziqinisiwe kwaye imithi emininzi iyatyalwa kunokuba isuswe, nangona inxalenye yabemi ibona ukulahleka kweentlobo ezibalaseleyo.
Imisebenzi efanayo yenziwe nakwamanye amadolophu akufutshane: ukususwa kwemithi yesundu engenakulungiseka ngenxa yomonakalo weenkuni okanye iziqu ezibolile ngokupheleleyo, kwezinye iimeko ziququzelela imisitho yokuvalelisa ngaphambi kokuba kuphinde kutshintshwe amahlathi ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, abanini begadi babucala bayakhunjuzwa ukuba nabo banayo uxanduva lokuhlola nokunyanga imithi yabo yesundu, ekubeni esi sifo sihamba ngokungakhethiyo phakathi kweendawo zikarhulumente nezabucala.
Unyango lokuthintela kunye nokutyala ngokutsha emva kwesibetho
Ngaphaya kokugawulwa kwemithi, oomasipala bayasebenza amaphulo onyango oluthile nxamnye ne-red palm weevil kwimithi yesundu esenokusindiswa. Ezi zenzo zongeza kumsebenzi oqhelekileyo wokulawula izinambuzane kunye nokulawula iimpuku kwiindawo zamanzi amdaka nakwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, zenza izicwangciso zokulawula izinambuzane ezidolophini ezipheleleyo.
Phakathi kwamanyathelo asetyenzisiweyo, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala: endotherapy (ukufakwa kwemveliso yococeko kwisiqu), ukuntywila kwikhabhathi, kunye nokutshiza okujoliswe kuko, ukongeza ekusebenziseni imigibe ene-pheromones kunye nezinye izinto ezitsalayo ukubamba izityalo ezindala. Abanye oomasipala baxele ukuba amakhulu emithi yesundu iyanyangwa, bezama ukunqanda ukusasazeka kosulelo ngaphambi kokuba lunyanzele ukuba lugawulwe ngobuninzi.
Kwiindawo ezithile, ezi ndlela zidityaniswe nezicwangciso zokusebenzisa uhlaselo oluthile kwi-red palm weevilEzi nkqubo ziquka ukugcinwa rhoqo kwemithi ebonakala kakhulu, njengezo zitrato ziphambili, izikwere zembali, okanye iipaki ezixakekileyo. Olu ngenelelo ludla ngokubandakanya nokususwa kweziphunzi ezichaphazelekayo kunye nokucoca indawo engqongileyo ukunciphisa inkunkuma yezityalo apho iimbungu zinokuqhubeka nokukhula khona.
Emva kokususwa kwemithi yesundu, oomasipala abaninzi bakhethe ukuhlaziywa kwamahlathi kwangoko kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuhombisa ezilungelelaniswe ngcono okanye ezingabangeli mdla kangako kwi-weevil. Umzekelo, kukhankanyiwe ukutyalwa kwemithi ye-lapacho epinki okanye eminye imithi eneentyatyambo, nto leyo eya kubuyisela ngokukhawuleza imvakalelo yehlathi eliqhubekayo kunye nezityalo ezimile ecaleni kwendlela yokuhamba.
Kuyo yonke le nkqubo, kugxininiswa ukubaluleka abanini babucala bayasebenzisanangokugcina amabala abo kunye neegadi zabo zicocekile kwaye basebenzise unyango olufanelekileyo kwimithi yabo yesundu xa kuyimfuneko. Amabhunga asekuhlaleni aqalise ukuthumela izaziso ezisemthethweni kubanini beendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuba bayayithobela imiqathango yabo yolondolozo kwaye, apho kufanelekileyo, bathenge iimveliso zokukhusela izityalo kwiinkampani ezigunyazisiweyo.
Impembelelo yoluntu kunye nengxoxo yezopolitiko ejikeleze ubhubhane
Ukunyamalala kwemithi yesundu akupheleli nje ekubeni nenxalenye yokusingqongileyo; kukwavelisa nempembelelo enamandla impembelelo yeemvakalelo kubemiUninzi lwale mithi yesundu yayiyinxalenye yendalo yemihla ngemihla yabamelwane, iindlela zembali okanye izikwere eziphakathi, ngoko ke ukugawulwa kwayo kubonwa njengokulahleka okufanekiselayo nobuhle.
Kwezinye izixeko, abemi bavakalise inkxalabo malunga umfanekiso wokulahlwa Bashiya iziphunzi ezingenanto kunye nemingxuma yemithi, bebuza ukuba imizekelo emitsha iza kutyalwa nini kwakhona okanye ukuba iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ziza kukhethwa nini. Kwezinye iimeko, kuye kwalungiselelwa nemisitho emincinci yokuvalelisa imithi yesundu emidala kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba ithatyathelwe indawo yimitsha.
Oku kunganeliseki koluntu kudibana ingxoxo yezopolitiko malunga nolawulo lwemithiAmaqela aphikisayo atyhola oorhulumente basekuhlaleni ngokuthatha amanyathelo emva kwexesha okanye ngokuncitshiswa kwemali yokugcinwa kwepaki negadi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, nto leyo abathi yenze ukuba kube lula ukusasazeka kwe-weevil. Amaqela karhulumente aphendula ngokugxininisa utyalo-mali olukhoyo kwiikhontrakthi zolondolozo, ukwanda kokutyala, kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezicwangciso ezithile zokulwa nezinambuzane.
Kwezinye iimeko, nokuba phakathi kolawulo olwahlukeneyo kwindawo enye, kuvela imiba iimbono ezingqubanayo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle konyangoNangona iingcali zobugcisa zigxininisa iziphumo ezintle kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile, amagosa asekuhlaleni avela koomasipala abachaphazeleke kakhulu athi, ubuncinane kwindawo yabo, ukufa kwemithi yesundu kuye kwaphela nangona izicelo zenziwe.
Okubonakala kucacile kukuba i-red palm weevil inyanzelise ukuba kucingwe ngokutsha ngayo ucwangciso lweendawo eziluhlaza, egxininisa imfuneko yokwahlukahluka kweentlobo ngeentlobo, ukuphepha ukulima imithi yesundu ebuthathaka kakhulu, kunye nokuqinisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba ukufumanisa iimpawu zokuqala zosulelo ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo ungaphinde uguqulwe.
Ukulungelelaniswa kweziko kunye nembono zexesha elizayo
Ukulwa ne-red palm weevil kufuna ulungelelwaniso olusondeleyo phakathi kwabadlali abaninzi: amabhunga esixeko, iinkonzo zommandla oluhlaza, amaqumrhu eengingqi, amasebe ajongene nokusingqongileyo nezolimo, kwanemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe enika iingcebiso zobugcisa.
Izicwangciso zongxamiseko ezisetyenziswayo ziquka yonke into ukusuka imisebenzi yokususa ngokungxamisekileyo ukususela ekususweni kwemithi yesundu ekwimeko embi kakhulu, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa nokuthintela ukuqhambuka kosulelo, ukuya kwiinkqubo zoqeqesho ezijolise kwiingcali zikamasipala kunye nabasebenzi basentsimini, ukuze kuphuculwe ukuchongwa kweempawu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwamanyathelo okulawula.
Ngaxeshanye, oku kulandelayo kuyaphuhliswa imisebenzi yoqeqesho Ukuqinisa ukulungela ukungena kwezinambuzane kwiindawo ezintsha, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezithathwa njengezingenazo okanye ezichaphazeleke kancinci, ezi zifundo zigxininisa ukubonwa kwangethuba, ukusampulu, ukwenza izigqibo malunga nokugawulwa kwemithi okanye unyango, kunye nokubaluleka kokwazisa uluntu ngokucacileyo ngale meko.
Bejonge phambili kwiminyaka ezayo, abasemagunyeni basebenza kwingcinga yokuba i-red palm weevil iya kuqhubeka nokuba yi- ingxaki yexesha elideNgoko ke, kuyilwa amaqhinga anokwandiswa anokuqiniswa ngexesha lemisebenzi yezinambuzane ende, njengentwasahlobo nehlobo, kwaye athathele ingqalelo ukukhuselwa kwelifa lezityalo kunye nokhuseleko lwabantu.
Nangona amazinga aphezulu okusinda ebonwe kwimithi yesundu enyangiweyo kwezinye iindawo, ukufa kuye kwanda kakhulu kwezinye, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba akukho sisombululo esinye Kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, ezilungelelaniswe neemeko zasekuhlaleni. Ukwahlukahluka kweentlobo, unyango olucwangcisiweyo, ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabanini bomhlaba babucala kubonakala njengeziseko zokuhlalisana okungebuhlungu kangako nesi sinambuzane, okwangoku, esele siyinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwizixeko ezininzi.
Ukusasazeka kwe-red palm weevil kuyayitshintsha indlela ezimi ngayo iidolophu koomasipala abaninzi, ukusuka kwizikwere ezidumileyo nakwii-boulevards ukuya kwiipaki zasekuhlaleni nakwiindawo zokuhamba ezikufutshane nolwandle. Phakathi kokugawula imithi ngokuthintela, unyango lweekhemikhali, kunye nokutyala ngokutsha iintlobo ezintsha zezityalo, izixeko zizama ukugcina imithi yazo kunye nokhuseleko lwabemi bazo ngelixa zifunda, ngamava kunye nokulungelelanisa, ukulawula isinambuzane esihlala sikhona njengoko sitshabalalisa imithi yesundu.
