La ibug yemaple Ibe yinto ethethwa ngabantu abaninzi kwiindawo ezininzi, ingakumbi apho imithi ye-maple kunye neminye imihombiso ixhaphakileyo khona. Nangona abasemagunyeni bezempilo begxininisa ukuba ayimeli mngcipheko kwimpilo, ukubakho okukhulu kwezi zinambuzane kwi-facade, iipatio, kunye nezindlu kudala i- inkathazo engapheliyo kubamelwane, abafuna iimpendulo ezilungelelanisiweyo ngakumbi.
Kwizixeko ezahlukeneyo ziye zasungulwa imiqathango esemthethweni kunye neengcebiso ukucwangcisa indlela yokujongana nale ngxaki yasezidolophini: ukusuka kwizikhokelo zobugcisa ezijolise kumabhunga esixeko kunye nabasebenzi abakhethekileyo, ukuya kumaphulo olwazi ukuze abemi bakwazi ukuthatha inyathelo emakhayeni abo ngamanyathelo alula, bebeka phambili iimpembelelo eziphantsi kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngononophelo kwezibulali-zinambuzane zasekhaya.
Yintoni i-maple bug kwaye kutheni ibonakala ngobuninzi ezidolophini?
I-maple bug (I-Boisea trivittata) sisinambuzane esivela eMntla Melika, sinomzimba omde kwaye sijikeleze Ubude obuyi-1,3 cm xa umntu emdalaInepatheni eyahlukileyo kakhulu: imigca ebomvu kwi-prothorax namaphiko anesiqingatha esibomvu se-basal kunye nendawo emnyama ye-apical, njengoko kunjalo nangamaphiko angasemva kunye nemilenze. Ngexesha lokukhula kwayo, idlula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo ze-nymphal, ikhula ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-1 mm ukuya kufikelela kubukhulu bobudala.
Luhlobo oluthile i-phytophagous, etya kakhulu imbewu yemaple, ingakumbi leyo imephu emnyama Kwiindawo zasezidolophini, lo mthi wokuhombisa uxhaphake kakhulu ezitalatweni, ezikwereni, nakwiigadi. Ungafumaneka ukhula kwimithi yomlotha, kweminye imithi yesundu, nakweminye imithi eyinxalenye yemithi yesitalato nemithi yepaki.
Indlela eziphatha ngayo ichaza inxalenye enkulu yeengxaki zoluntu: ngexesha lentwasahlobo nehlobo igxila kwimithi ehlala kuyo, kodwa xa ukuwa Njengoko amagqabi eqala ukuna, ifuna iindawo zokukhosela ezifudumeleyo ukuze ichithe ubusika. Kungeli xesha apho inokubonwa khona ngamanani amakhulu apha ngasentla. iindonga zangaphandle, ii-cornices, uphahla kunye neefacade, kwanangaphakathi emakhayeni.
Amagunya ezempilo namahlathi ayavuma ukuba, nangona ibukeka intle kangaka, njengoko ukuqokelelana okukhulu kunokubangela uloyiko, i-maple bug ayisiyongxaki. Ayihlabi, ayidlulisi izifo, kwaye ayonakalisi izakhiwo.Ingxaki ephambili inxulumene nokuhlala kunye: amabala abomvu kwiziqu zemithi, izinambuzane ezingena ngeefestile okanye ziqokelelana emakhoneni, nto leyo ebangela ukungakhululeki okucacileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo.
Izinto ezicaphukisayo kuluntu: ukusuka kumabala abomvu emithini ukuya ekuhlaselweni kwezindlu
Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo apho kufunyenwe khona izifo ezininzi, abemi bachaza imeko njengengxaki isitshabalalisi esibonakalayo nesicaphukisayoKwezinye iindawo, iikoloni ziqokelelana kwiziqu nakumasebe eemaple kunye neminye imithi yasezidolophini, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ziya emakhaya, zingena imingxunya, izithuba zeefestile, izithuba kwiibhodi ezisezantsi okanye inethi zomngxunya eziqhekekileyo.
Abemi baxela ukuba iincukuthu zebhedi zinokufumaneka e iindonga zangaphakathi, iisilingi, amakhethini kunye neefreyimu zeminyangoOku kubangela inkxalabo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, uloyiko, njengoko ngamanye amaxesha zidideka nezinye izinambuzane ezibalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu, ezifana neencukuthu ezincamisayo. Abasemagunyeni bakhumbuza uluntu ukuba ezi ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, zombini ngokwendlela yokuziphatha kunye nomngcipheko kwimpilo, kwaye bacebisa ukuba udibane neenkonzo zempilo okanye ze-zoonosis ukuba unamathandabuzo.
Olu xinzelelo lwemihla ngemihla lukhokelela abantu abaninzi ukuba bakhethe ukucoca nge-fumigation ngokwakhoNgamanye amaxesha, kusetyenziswa iimveliso ezingafanelekanga okanye zezolimo, nto leyo exhalabisa iiarhente zempilo nezokusingqongileyo. Iinkonzo zobugcisa zigxininisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokungakhethiyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki. umonakalo obalulekileyo kwezinye izinambuzane nakwindalo esingqongileyokwaye ayisoloko ivelisa iziphumo ezingcono.
Kwezinye izixeko, ubhubhane uxhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo kungekho matyala amaninzi. Oku kusasazeka ngokungalinganiyo kunxulumene ubukho beemaple ezindala zebhokisi kunye nolwakhiwo lwekhanophi yomthi wasezidolophinikunye nokuba kukho izikhewu kunye neendawo zokukhosela kwizakhiwo ezindala, iigadi ezingagcinwanga kakuhle, okanye ukuqokelelwa kwamathambo ezityalo.
Zithini imibutho esemthethweni malunga nomngcipheko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali?
Iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo yezityalo, okusingqongileyo, kunye nezempilo eziye zafunda eli tyala ziyavumelana ngengcamango enye ephambili: I-maple bug ayibangeli bungozi ngqo ebantwini, kwizilwanyana zasekhaya, okanye kwimithi kawonke-wonke.Iingxelo zobugcisa azikabhali monakalo mkhulu kwimithi yasezidolophini, ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwembewu kunye nemiphumo ethile kwizityalo ezihlala kuzo.
Olu vavanyo lukhokelele kulawulo ukuba lubeke iikhrayitheriya ezithintelweyo zokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zezolimo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonkeUnyango olukhulu ngeemveliso zezolimo aluvumelekanga ezitalatweni nakwimithi yesikwere, ngenxa yemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuba khona kwabemi abakufutshane. Kuphela kungenelelo lweekhemikhali olukwindawo ephezulu oluvumelekileyo, kwaye nokuba kunjalo, kufuneka lulawulwe [alucacanga - mhlawumbi "ulawulo" okanye "ummiselo"]. imvume yangaphambili kunye nengxelo yobugcisa ekhethekileyo.
Ekhaya, kucetyiswa ukuba kuphetshwe ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa izibulali-zinambuzane zezolimo ngaphakathi emakhayaUkusetyenziswa ekhaya, ziimveliso zokucoca ikhaya kuphela okanye iimveliso "zomgca wegadi" ezibhaliswe ziingcali ezifanelekileyo ezigunyazisiweyo, ngokubanzi zenziwe ngokusekelwe ii-cypermethrins ezinamanzi kunye ne-piperonyl butoxide kwiindawo eziphantsi (phakathi kwe-0,1% kunye ne-1%).
Iingcali zigxininisa ukuba ezi mveliso mazisetyenziswe kunye ukhuseleko lomntu Kwaye soloko ulandela imiyalelo yeleyibhile, ngaphandle kokunikezela kwisilingo sokunyusa umthamo. Ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ezininzi akuthethi ukuba kukho iziphumo ezingcono kwaye kunokunyusa iingozi kwimpilo nakwindalo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezivalekileyo.
Kwimeko yokungenelela kwimithi kawonke-wonke, eminye imithetho ifuna ukuba kungeniswe ingxelo etyikitywe yinjineli yezolimo ukuvavanya imfuneko yokwenyani yonyango lweekhemikhali olusetyenziswa kwindawo ethile. Iindlela zomzimba ezifana nokucoca amagqabi awileyo, iziqhamo, kunye nembewu zihlala zibekwa phambili ngaphambi kokuba kuqwalaselwe ukusetyenziswa kwayo nayiphi na inkunkuma yokubulala izinambuzane.
Amaqhinga okulawula: ukuzinyamekela ekhaya kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo
Ngenxa yobunzima bokusebenzisa umgubo omninzi kunye nemida esemthethweni yokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zezolimo, abasemagunyeni bakhetha indlela ulawulo oludibeneyo, apho intsika ephambili yi ukuzibamba emakhaya kunye nomsebenzi odibeneyo phakathi kwabahlali kunye noorhulumente.
Iifayile zobugcisa ezilungiselelwe kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo zibonisa inani imisebenzi esisiseko ekhaya ezithi, xa zidibene, zinciphise kakhulu ubukho besinambuzane:
- Gcina indlela yabahambi ngeenyawo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane zicocekileKuphephe ukuqokelelwa kwamagqabi omileyo, imbewu, kunye nenkunkuma apho izinambuzane zebhedi zinokubalekela khona.
- Qaphela ukuthenwa okufanelekileyo kwimithi ekufutshane nezindlu, ingakumbi ngaphambi kobusika, ukunciphisa inani lembewu kunye nokudibana ngqo neefacade kunye nophahla.
- Vala imingxunya, iimfanta kunye nezikhewu ezincinci kwiindonga, kwiipatio, kwiigaraji nakwiigadi, kunye nokujonga imeko yeebhodi ezisezantsi, iifreyimu zeminyango kunye neefestile.
- Lungisa okanye tshintsha inethi zongcongconi ezonakeleyo kwaye ujonge ukuba iingcango neefestile zivaliwe ngokufanelekileyo, ingakumbi ngexesha lexesha elixakekileyo.
Xa izinambuzane sele zingene endlwini yakho, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa i-fumigation enzulu ngaphakathi endlwini. Kunoko, kucetyiswa iindlela zomzimba. ukutshayela okanye ukufunxa umoya Iincukuthu zebhedi, zifake kwiingxowa ezivalwe kakuhle kwaye uzibeke elangeni ukuze zisuswe, kwaye uqhagamshelane nezikhokelo malunga indlela yokugxotha iincukuthu zebhediLe ndlela, nangona inokuba nzima, ithintela ukusasazeka kweekhemikhali ngaphakathi endlwini.
Njengento eyongezelelweyo, imibutho emininzi icebisa ukuba isetyenziswe kwi amaqela abonakalayo Kwizinambuzane zebhedi, isisombululo esenziwe ekhaya senziwe ngamanzi, isepha, kunye nesinye isithako esifana neoyile yeminerali okanye iviniga ye-apple cider, ngomlinganiselo omalunga 10 cc ngelitha amanzi kwinxalenye nganye. Lo mxube unceda ekuthinteleni nasekususeni izinambuzane kwiindawo ezingaphandle nakwiindawo ezivalekileyo.
Kwiimeko ezithile kwaye rhoqo kwiindawo ezichazwe kakuhle, zingasetyenziswa iimveliso zokucoca indlu ngegadiUkulandela iingcebiso zobugcisa: ukusetyenziswa kweendawo apho kukho ubuninzi beencukuthu, ngamaxesha abalulekileyo kumjikelo wazo webhayoloji, kunye nokuphepha unyango oluqhelekileyo olunokuchaphazela ezinye izinto eziphilayo eziluncedo.
Ulawulo lwemithi yasezidolophini kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweziko
Ubukho be-maple bug ezidolophini bunxulumene kakhulu ucwangciso lwemithi yasezidolophiniApho kutyalwe khona iimaple ezininzi zokuhombisa, ingakumbi ii-box elder, kukho amathuba aphezulu okwanda kwezifo ngexesha elithile lonyaka.
Ngoko ke, amaxwebhu obuchwephesha abhekiswe koomasipala kunye neenkonzo zeepaki kunye neegadi agxininisa imfuneko yokuba balani imithi yemaple Kwindawo nganye, cwangcisa ukuthena nokuvavanya, kwixesha eliphakathi nelide, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuxinana kakhulu kwemithi esebenza njengomsingathi oyintloko wezinambuzane.
Kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, indlela eqhelekileyo kukuphepha unyango olukhulu lweekhemikhali kwaye ukhethe... ulawulo lokusingqongileyo: ukucoca imingxunya yemithi, ukususa imbewu namagqabi rhoqo, ukuhlamba iziqu ngezisombululo ezithambileyo zesepha kunye nokulungisa umhlaba ukuze kuncitshiswe iindawo zokubalekela izinambuzane.
Abanye oorhulumente basekhaya, ingakumbi abo banezixhobo ezimbalwa zoqoqosho nezobuchwephesha, bathi abanakukwazi ukuphinda amaqhinga anzima ngakumbi, njengokuhambisa imithi yonke ngoomatshini abanzima, abaye basetyenziswa kwizixeko ezikhulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba izikhokelo ezicacileyo kunye neenkqubo ezinceda ukuphucula izixhobo ezikhoyo.
Kule meko, ii-arhente zempilo yezolimo kunye nokusingqongileyo ziye zaphuhlisa iidosi zobugcisa kunye nemigaqo ethile La maxwebhu adibanisa iikhrayitheriya phakathi koorhulumente basekuhlaleni, amaqela akhethekileyo, kunye nabemi. Agxininisa ukulungelelaniswa phakathi kwamaziko kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu njengezinto ezibalulekileyo kulawulo olusebenzayo noluzinzileyo lwe-maple bug kwiindawo zasezidolophini.
Amava aqokelelweyo abonisa ukuba ukuhlanganiswa kolwazi olucacileyo, ukuzibamba ekhaya, ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezitalato neegadi Kwaye ukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo kweekhemikhali kusenza sikwazi ukuhlala kunye nale ntlobo yezilwanyana ngelixa sinciphisa impembelelo yayo. Nangona ubukho bayo bunokuphawuleka kwaye ngamanye amaxesha buphazamise, ubungqina bobuchwephesha obukhoyo bubonisa ukuba, ngolungiselelo oluhle kunye namanyathelo alula afikelelekayo kuye wonke umntu, kunokwenzeka ukulawula inani lazo ngaphandle kokubeka impilo okanye ulungelelwaniso lwendalo yasezidolophini emngciphekweni.
