I-begonia, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, sesinye sezona zityalo zinomtsalane kwaye zixatyiswayo ngabo bobabini abathanda ukulima kunye nabo bajonge ukongeza uchuku olukhethekileyo kwikhaya labo. Ukuhlukahluka kweemilo, imibala, kunye nobukhulu buyenza ibe yindlovukazi yeendawo ezininzi, kodwa ngaphaya kobuhle bayo, kukho ihlabathi lonke lentsingiselo kunye nenkathalo efanele ukufunyanwa. Ukuba ne-begonias kwikhaya lakho kungaphezulu kokhetho olulula lokuhombisa: kukudibanisa neentlobo ezilayishwe isimboli kunye nee-nuances, ezikwazi ukuguqula nayiphi na indawo ibe yindawo evuyayo neyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunyamekela i-begonia Ayintsonkothanga, kodwa ifuna ingqwalasela kunye nokwazi iimfihlo ezithile, kuba esi sityalo sikhusela iintyatyambo ezimangalisayo kunye namahlamvu angaqhelekanga kunye nothotho lweemfuno ezithi, ukuba ziyahlonitshwa, ziqinisekise ubungangamsha baso unyaka wonke. Ukuba ukhe wafumana i-begonia njengesipho okanye ucinga ngokukhula, apha uya kufumana yonke into oyifunayo ukuyinceda ukuba ichume ebomini bakho, ukusuka kwimvelaphi yayo ukuya kwezona maqhinga asebenzayo ukuyigcina ikhazimla, kubandakanya nomfuziselo ojikeleze le ntyatyambo ikhethekileyo.
Intsingiselo kunye nesimboli sentyatyambo ye-begonia
I-Begonia ingaphezulu nje kwesityalo sokuhombisa: Ithwala isimboli esinzulu kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. EYurophu, inxulumene ne umonde, ubuhandiba kunye nobumnandi, iimpawu ezibonisa inkangeleko yesityalo kunye nenyameko efunekayo ekugcinweni kwaso. Elona gama le-begonia, elikhethwe yingcaphephe yezityalo yaseFransi uCharles Plumier, lizisa i-nuance isilumkiso kunye nesilumkiso, esimema ukuba sijonge indawo esingqongileyo ngenyameko size silumke ebomini.
Nangona kunjalo, intsingiselo yayo ayifani kwaye iyahluka ngokwemimandla. Kwi EMzantsi Melika, begonias luphawu lwe impumelelo kunye nobutyebi. Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukubapha njengesipho ukunqwenelela amathamsanqa, ngakumbi xa umntu ehambisa indlu okanye eqala iprojekthi entsha. Imibala yazo eqaqambileyo kunye nenkangeleko entle ibenza babe lithamsanqa lokwenene kunye nolonwabo.
Ngaphandle kwezi nuances, begonia ikwanxulunyaniswa ne ubuhlobo kunye neemvakalelo ezinzulu zixhomekeke kumbala weentyatyambo zayo. Ngokomzekelo, iintlobo ezibomvu kunye ne-orange zimelela ubuhlobo obunzulu kunye obuhlala buhlala. Kulo mxholo, Ukunika i-begonia ihlala ilungile, njengoko idlulisela iminqweno emihle kunye namandla afanelekileyo kumntu owamkelayo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-begonias
Isini Begonia Igubungela ngaphezu kwe-1.500 yeentlobo ezisasazeka kwihlabathi lonke, ngakumbi kwimimandla eziTropiki zaseAsia, eAfrika naseMelika. Le yantlukwano emangalisayo ikuvumela ukuba ufumane i-begonias kubuninzi beemilo, ubungakanani, kunye nemibala, ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Zizityalo ze iintyatyambo ezingapheliyo, ilungele ukuhombisa yonke into ukusuka kumagumbi okuhlala okanye amagumbi akhanyayo ukuya kumathala kunye negadi.
Phakathi kweempawu eziphawulekayo ze-begonias zibandakanya:
- Amagqabi eentlobo ngeentlobo: Zinokwandiswa, zingqukuva, zibe ne-asymmetrical kwaye zibe nemiphetho yamaza. Imibala isuka kumbala oluhlaza ukuya kwimithunzi yepinki, isilivere, ingwevu, imdaka, kunye ne-violet. Abaninzi banamabala, amachaphaza okanye imigca.
- Iintyatyambo ezintle: Ezinye i-begonias zivelisa iintyatyambo zenkunzi nemazi kwi-inflorescence enye, kunye nentyatyambo yabasetyhini ekupheleni kwesiqu kunye nentyatyambo yendoda emacaleni. Iipetali zinokuba zikhulu, ziphindwe kabini okanye zigobile, kuxhomekeke kwiindidi.
- Iingcambu ezahlukeneyo: Ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, sifumana i-begonias rhizomatous (enesiqu esingaphantsi komhlaba), tuberous (kunye neeglowubhu), ifayibha (iingcambu ezintle) kunye thabathekile (iingcambu ezandisiweyo nezixineneyo).
- Ubungakanani becompact: Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubude bawo buphakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-45 centimeters, okwenza ukuba bakhethe ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezincinci kunye nezinkulu ngokufanayo.
Ngokwendalo, ezinye i-begonias zikhula kwezinye izityalo (ziyi-epiphytes), ngelixa ezininzi zisemhlabeni. Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zabo kuyamangalisa kangangokuba banokukhuliswa ngempumelelo phantse naphi na emhlabeni, ukuba nje iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko ziyahlangatyezwa.
Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neentlobo ze-begonias
Ihlabathi le-begonias liyamangalisa ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zayo. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo nezixatyiswayo, sifumana:
- Bush begonia: Inezikhondo ezinde, ezinomthi noko kwaye inokufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini ukuphakama. Iintyatyambo zabo zihlala zibomvu kwaye ziqhuba kakuhle ngaphakathi, kude nomoya kunye nelanga elithe ngqo.
- I-Rex-leaf begonia: ibalasele kumagqabi ayo amakhulu, ahombisayo, anemibala emangalisayo kunye neepateni. Ifuna ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo kunye namaqondo obushushu athambileyo, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo yokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi.
- I-Tuberous begonia: ikhula kwimibhobho. Ubukhazikhazi bayo, iintyatyambo eziphindwe kabini zigqama ngokukodwa kwiibhaskithi ezijingayo kunye neebhalkhoni, njengoko zithanda umthunzi olula kunye noloyiko lweqabaka.
- I-Begonia semperflorens: Njengoko igama layo libonisa, idubula unyaka wonke. Iintyatyambo zayo, ezimhlophe, ezipinki okanye ezibomvu, zincinci kwaye isityalo ngokuqhelekileyo asidluli kwi-35 cm ubude. Yomelele kakhulu kwaye kulula ukuyikhathalela.
- begonia elatior: inzalelwane yaseBrazil, ibalasele ngenxa yamagqabi ayo anenyama neentyatyambo ezinokuba bomvu, tyheli, orenji okanye ezimhlophe. Ikhetha i-semi-shade kunye nokufuma okulawulwayo.
- maculata begonia: Idume ngokuba “namaphiko engelosi,” amagqabi ayo aluhlaza anamachokoza amhlophe nangaphantsi bubomvu. Ayikunyamezeli ingqele okanye ukukhanya kwelanga, kodwa ifuna ukukhanya okukhulu.
- Begonia Valentino: ngamagqabi amakhulu, ikhuliswe njengesityalo sangaphakathi sokuhlobisa ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nombala wayo, ifuna ukunakekelwa okufanayo nangaphambili.
Ukongeza, kukho iinguqulelo ezixubileyo ezenzelwe ngokukodwa iigadi zangaphandle, ezinje ngothotho Ingayeki o Ukukhanya, ezivelisa iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezinqabileyo, ezifanelekileyo zokuxhoma iibhaskithi kunye neembiza.
Izitshixo zokunyamekela kunye nokugcinwa kwe-begonia
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-begonia ibonakala ikhangeleka kwaye igcina iintyatyambo zayo ixesha elide, kubalulekile ukwenza amanyathelo athile okunyamekela. Uninzi lwazo luqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo, nangona kukho iinkcukacha zokulungelelanisa ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-begonia:
1. Ukukhanya kunye nendawo
Ukukhanya okungathanga ngqo kubalulekile kuba begonias. Ukuzibeka kufuphi nefestile apho zifumana ukukhanya ngaphandle kwelanga elithe ngqo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Amagqabi eBegonia ayatsha kwaye abune xa ebekwe elangeni kakhulu, kodwa ayasokola xa ebekwe kwindawo ezinomthunzi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ufumane ibhalansi efanelekileyo: ukukhanya okuninzi, kodwa kuhlala kuhluzwa. Kwiintlobo ze-shruby, i-tuberous, kunye ne-maculata, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ugweme iindawo zangaphandle apho kukho umngcipheko womoya okanye utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwiqondo lokushisa.
2. Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokufuma
Ukunkcenkceshela yenye yezona zinto zinovakalelo kukhathalelo lwe-begonia. Bafuna ukufuma, kodwa bangaze bafune ukufuma.. Ukunkcenkceshela kufuneka kube ngcathu: ngexesha lasehlotyeni okanye ngexesha elishushu lifanelekile ukunkcenkceshela zonke iintsuku ezintathu; Ebusika, kwanele ukwenza kanye ngeveki okanye zonke iintsuku ezilishumi ukuba izinga lokushisa liphantsi. Kungcono ukungena ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunamanzi angaphezulu: ukunkcenkceshela kakhulu kubangela ukubola kweengcambu, ngakumbi kwi-tuberous begonias.
Eyona ndlela icetyiswayo kukuba beka amanzi kwisosari phantsi kwembiza kwaye vumela isityalo sifunxe ngokwaso, ngaloo ndlela siphephe ukumanzisa ngokuthe ngqo iintyatyambo kunye namagqabi, athambileyo kwaye anokonakala ngokulula.
3. I-Substrate kunye nokutshintshwa
I-Begonias ikhula kakuhle ukukhanya, i-airy substrates kunye ne-drainage egqwesileyo. Umxube ofanelekileyo uquka i-peat, i-perlite, kunye nomhlaba otyebileyo wezondlo. Kucetyiswa ukuba i-pH ye-substrate ibe phakathi kwe-5,2 kunye ne-7, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo. Kubalulekile ukuba imbiza ibe nemingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi ukukhusela ukuqokelelwa kwamanzi, okunokubulala.
Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kwenziwe xa iingcambu zivela kwimingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi. Ngokufanelekileyo, oku kufuneka kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa isityalo silungele isigaba esitsha sokukhula.
4. Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokusingqongileyo
Begonias zinjalo izityalo zetropikhi kunye ne-subtropical, ngoko zifuna amaqondo obushushu angatshintshiyo. Uluhlu olufanelekileyo luphakathi 15 kunye nama-22 ºC. Aziyinyamezeli ingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo okanye iqabaka, ngoko ke ebusika kungcono ukuzigcina ngaphakathi okanye kwizindlu zokugcina izityalo. Ngexesha leenyanga ezifudumeleyo, bayayixabisa indawo efumileyo, ngoko ke i-humidifier okanye iitreyi zamahlalutye kunye namanzi phantsi kwembiza zinokwenza umahluko.
Kwakhona kunceda ukuzibeka kwiindawo ezinomoya owaneleyo, kodwa kude neidrafti ezinamandla ezinokukhupha amanzi okanye ukubenzakalisa.
5. Ukuchumisa kunye nesondlo
Ngexesha lentwasahlobo nehlobo, i-begonia kufuneka ichunyiswe rhoqo ngeentsuku ze-15 kunye nesichumisi esicebile kwi-potassium kunye ne-phosphorus ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza. Isichumisi sinokuba yinto ephilayo okanye ikhemikhali, isoloko isebenzisa idosi efanelekileyo kwaye igweme ukugqithisa, oku kunokubangela amahlamvu ashinyeneyo kumonakalo weentyatyambo. Ebusika, akuyimfuneko ukuchumisa, ekubeni isityalo singena kwixesha lokulala.
6. Ukuthenwa nokulondolozwa
Umba ophambili ngu susa iintyatyambo namagqabi abunileyo rhoqo. Oku akugcini nje ukuphucula ukubonakala kwe-begonia, kodwa kwakhona kukhuthaza ukuqhakaza okuninzi kunye nokuthintela ukubonakala kwezinambuzane okanye ifungi. Ukuthenwa okukhulu kakhulu kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukukhuthaza i-branching kunye nokuqinisa isityalo.
Kwiintlobo zehlathi kunye namagqabi, i-pinching stems inceda ukudala isakhiwo esincinci, ukukhuthaza amahlumela amatsha kunye nokugcina isityalo sisempilweni.
7. Uthintelo lwezifo kunye nezinambuzane
I-Begonias inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezininzi kunye nezinambuzane. Inqaku elibuthathaka lidla ngokuba yi ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye ukungabikho komoya, ethanda ukubonakala kwefungi njenge UXanthomonas begoniae okanye IPythium. Ukuthintela ukubonakala kwayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthenwe iindawo ezigulayo, sebenzisa i-substrates ezifanelekileyo, kwaye ugcine amanqanaba okufuma elawulwa kakuhle.
Xa ujongene nezitshabalalisi ezifana nethrips, mites, okanye aphids, uhlolo olubonakalayo rhoqo lubalulekile. Ungasebenzisa amayeza athile okubulala umngundo okanye ubhenele kumayeza asekhaya afana nokufefa isinamoni kwi-substrate. Kukho nawuphi na, ukucoca kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo ngundoqo ekuphepheni iingxaki.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo kunye namaqhinga okufumana i-begonias emangalisayo
Ukongeza kukhathalelo olusisiseko, kukho ezinye amaqhinga enza umahluko kwaye uncede i-begonias ibonakale isempilweni kwaye igcwele ubomi:
- Qhubeka nokuthena usexesheni ukususa amagqabi abunileyo kunye neentyatyambo. Ngale ndlela uphepha usulelo kwaye uvuselele iintyatyambo.
- Khulisa ehlotyeni kunye neemveliso ezityebileyo kwi-potassium ukulungiselela isityalo kwiinyanga ezibandayo.
- Sebenzisa i-humidifier kwezona ndawo zomileyo ukufikelela elona nqanaba lokufuma lifanelekileyo.
- Ngexesha lamaza obushushu, jonga ukunkcenkceshela kwakho kwaye ulungelelanise ukuphindaphinda ukunqanda ukoma, kodwa ngaphandle kokukhukula.
- Ukutshintshwa okanye ukutyalwa, yongeza uluhlu lodongwe okanye amatye ezantsi embizeni: oku kuququzelela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwaye kuthintele ukubola kweengcambu.
- Sebenzisa isichumisi esingamanzi kwi-begonias edubulayo ukukhuthaza iintyatyambo ezintsha.
- Kuphephe ukugcina i-substrate isoloko imanzi, mayome kancinci phakathi kokunkcenkceshela ukukhusela i-fungus.
Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka uziphephe:
- Ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukungabi namingxuma yokukhupha amanzi embizeni.
- Beka isityalo kwindawo apho sifumana ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kwaye amagqabi awo aya kutsha.
- Ukusebenzisa ii-substrates ezingafanelekanga kuhlobo oluthile lwe-begonia.
- Musa ukuchumisa ngexesha lokukhula kunye nexesha leentyantyambo.
- Ukungahoyi ukungena komoya okanye ukungasijongi isityalo ukuba sijongana nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo.
Ungatyala njani kwaye usasaze i-begonias
Elona xesha lilungileyo loku Ukuhlwayela imbewu ye-begonia kusekupheleni kuka-Matshi, xa ubushushu bomgquba bufikelela phakathi kwe 18 kunye ne 21 ºC. Ekubeni ezi zimbewu ezincinci kakhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba zixutywe kunye nesanti ecocekileyo ukuze zisasazwe ngokulinganayo phezu komhlaba we-substrate kwaye zinike ithuba elihle lokuntshula.
Kwimeko yeendidi tuberous, i-tubers ingatyalwa ngo-Aprili, ngokukhethekileyo ngaphakathi kwendlu de kudlule iqabaka. Xa kuvela amahlumela, uwafake kwiimbiza zomntu ngamnye kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ulungelelanise izityalo ngaphandle ngokuzityhila emini kwaye uzikhusele ebusuku.
Ukwandisa i-begonia, unokubhenela kuyo ukusika yamagqabi okanye izikhondo entwasahlobo okanye ehlotyeni. Thatha nje isiqwenga esinempilo, sivumele ukuba sibe neengcambu emanzini okanye kwi-substrate emanzi, kwaye uyitshintshe xa iingcambu ezibonakalayo zivela.
Ukuhlobisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-begonia ekhaya
Ngombulelo kwiindidi zayo zobukhulu kunye nemibala, i-begonia sisityalo esisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kuyo nayiphi na indawo. Ngaphakathi, iyagqwesa izixhobo zokutyala ezijingayo, idityaniswe neembiza ezinombala okhanyayo okanye zetsimbi ukuqaqambisa amagqabi ayo amnyama. Ngaphandle, unokuxuba i-begonias yemibala eyahlukileyo kwisikhongozeli esifanayo ukwenza amalungiselelo amangalisayo, nokuba kumnyango wendlu yakho okanye kwi-terrace ekhuselekileyo.
Ezinye iintlobo ezifana begonia rex Zikhethwa ngakumbi ngenxa yamagqabi azo amangalisayo kuneentyatyambo zazo, zizisa i-exoticism kunye nemvelaphi kuyo nayiphi na ikona. Kwabo bafuna isityalo esimiyo unyaka wonke kwaye kulula ukudibanisa nezinye iintlobo, i-semperflorens kunye ne-tuberous begonias zikhetho ezikhangayo kakhulu.
Akunjalo nje ukuhombisa, kodwa banokuphucula umgangatho womoya kwaye bafake isandla kwintlalontle yonke yekhaya lakho, nje kuphela ukuba uqinisekisa ukuba iintlobo ozikhethayo azikho inetyhefu kwizilwanyana zakho zasekhaya.
Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo ngexesha lasebusika
I-Begonias ihlupheka ngakumbi kwiinyanga ezibandayo. Ukuzikhusela, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzifudusele endlwini ukuba awunayo indlu yokukhulisela izityalo, ugcine ubushushu obuphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-23 ºC. Kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ukunkcenkceshela, ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela umhlaba ukuba wome ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ubeke iliso ekubonakaleni kwefungi, izinambuzane, okanye ukubola, ezinokukhula ngomswakama wasebusika.
Abanye abantu bagubungela isiseko se-begonias ngamagqabi abomileyo ukukhusela iingcambu zabo kubanda. Ukuba une-tuberous begonias, yeka ukunkcenkceshela xa isityalo silala kwaye sigcine ii-bulbs kumhlaba owomileyo kude kube lixesha elizayo lokukhula.
Ngokulandela ezi zikhokelo, uya kunandipha i-begonias enempilo, enamandla, kunye nemibalabala enokukhanyisa naliphi na igumbi okanye igadi unyaka wonke.
Nge-begonia awuhombisi nje; unegalelo a ukubamba kwendalo, ubuhle kunye namandla amahle kwindawo yakho, ukwazi ukuba emva kwayo yonke intyatyambo kunye neqabunga ngalinye kukho ibali kunye nentsingiselo ekhethekileyo. Ngezenzo ezimbalwa ezilula, esi sityalo siya kukuvuza ngoguqulelo lwaso olungcono, ukugcwalisa ikhaya lakho ngobomi, umbala, kunye nomoya okhethekileyo.