Isikhokelo esipheleleyo sokuKhula kunye nokuKhathalela i-Bouvardias: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

Intshayelelo ye Bouvardia

IBouvardia, kwaziwa njenge Buvardia, sisityalo sokuhombisa sentsapho yaseRubiaceae ethe yafumana umhlaba njengento eyintandokazi phakathi kwabathandi begadi kunye nokuhlobisa iintyatyambo. Ukuphumelela kwayo kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ubuhle kunye nobumnandi beentyantyambo ze-tubular ezihlanganiswe ngamaqoqo, anika uluhlu olubanzi lwemibala kunye nevumba elimnandi. Umthonyama kwi EMexico nakuMbindi Merika, i-Bouvardia iyathakazelelwa ngokuguquguquka kwayo, ukuyivumela ukuba ikhuliswe zombini kwiigadi kunye nangaphakathi, iyenze ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwabo bafuna ukongeza into engaqhelekanga, eyonwabileyo kunye nevumba elimnandi kwikhaya labo.

Imvelaphi, iBotany kunye nentsingiselo yeBouvardia

Isini bouvardia ibandakanya malunga Iintlobo ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50 yezityalo ezihlala ixesha elide, ezityhutyhayo kunye nezityalo ezikhula ngokukhula, ezisuka ikakhulu kwi EMexico, kuMbindi Merika, nakwiindawo ezisemazantsi eUnited States. Igama bouvardia Kungumbulelo kuCharles Bouvard, ugqirha kaKumkani uLouis XIII waseFransi kunye nomphathi weJardin Royal eParis, owayehlala phakathi kwe-16th kunye ne-17th inkulungwane. Ezi zityalo zibe luphawu umdla kunye namandla, kwaye ngolwimi lweentyatyambo, ukunika i-bouvardia kubonisa isibindi kunye nomdla wobomi.

Ezi ntlobo zilinywa kumazwe amaninzi ukuze zihombise kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, zisetyenziselwa amayeza. Awona maziko emveliso yeBouvardia yeentyatyambo ezisikiweyo aseNetherlands, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwesityalo kubomi baso bevazi kunye nokukwazi ukugcina ubutsha bayo ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeBouvardia

IBouvardia Iqhelekile ukuba sisihlahla esincinci ukuya kubukhulu obuphakathi, esinobude obusuka phakathi 50 cm kunye ne-1,5 yeemitha, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko zokukhula. Amagqabi ayo Ngokuqhelekileyo zichasene, ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-oval okanye i-lanceolate, kunye ne-smoolate okanye, kwezinye iintlobo, imida enamazinyo amancinci. Ezinye iintlobo zine-fuzz encinci emagqabini, zibanika ukuvakalelwa kwe-velvety.

Iintyatyambo Ziyeyona nto inomtsalane: i-tubular, imilebe yexilongo kwaye icwangciswe kwii-terminal clusters. Ziyakwazi ukuba zodwa okanye ziphindwe kabini, kunye nemibala evela kumhlophe, i-pink, ebomvu, etyheli kunye ne-orenji, kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye ne-cultivar. Uninzi lwazo lunikezela a Ivumba elithozamisayo nelimnandi; ingakumbi iintlobo ezithile ezifana Bouvardia longiflora, bakhupha isiqholo esifana nejasmine.

Iintyatyambo zeBouvardia Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukususela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya ekupheleni kokwindla, nangona phantsi kwemozulu efanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokukhanya, ezinye iintlobo zinokutyatyamba phantse unyaka wonke.

Iintlobo eziphambili kunye neentlobo zeBouvardia

Isini bouvardia Ibonelela ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ezityebileyo zeentlobo kunye neentlobo, nganye inezinto ezithile ngokobungakanani, umbala weentyatyambo kunye nokuxhathisa:

• IBouvardia ternifolia: Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "firecracker bush," ivela eMexico. Ibonakala ngeentyatyambo zayo ezibomvu ze-tubular, nangona iintlobo ezimhlophe zikhona (uvuyo olumhlophe) kunye nepinki (giant pink). Amagqabi ayo ane-fuzz elula kunye nemida egudileyo. Ixabiseke kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo kwezonyango kunye nokuhombisa.
• Bouvardia longifloraOlu lolona hlobo luxhaphake kakhulu, luhluke ngokukrakra, iphunga elifana ne-jasmine. Iintyatyambo zayo ezimhlophe, ezihlanganiswe ngamaqoqo, zinokufikelela kwi-3 cm kwaye zihlala ziqhakaza ekwindla. Imixube yayo ingaba neentyatyambo ezipinki okanye ezibomvu.
• Bouvardia humboldtii: Ithathwa ziingcali ezithile ukuba ziintlobo ngeentlobo B. longifloraIvelisa iintyatyambo ezinkulu ezimhlophe ezinuka kakhulu kwizityalo ezingafane zibe ngaphezu kwe-70 cm.
• Bouvardia jasminiflora: Ineentyantyambo zasebusika, kunye neentyatyambo ezincinci ezimhlophe kunye nevumba elimnandi.
• Bouvardia x domesticaUmhlanganiselwa olinywe ngokubanzi ixesha elide kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentyatyambo, ezinokuvela kumhlophe ukuya kupinki okanye obomvu. Igcina ubungakanani obuhlangeneyo, obungadluli kwi-70 cm.
• Bouvardia glabra: Zidla ngokukhuliswa iintyatyambo zazo ezipinki kunye namagqabi abengezelayo, alungele izinto zangaphakathi eziqaqambileyo.
• I-Bouvardia chrysantha: Igqamile ngenxa ye-inflorescences etyheli ephindwe kabini, enye yeentlobo ezimbalwa ezinomthunzi ocacileyo.
• Ezinye iintlobo kunye nemihlanganisela: Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezifana Bouvardia amplexicaulis, Bouvardia bicolor, Bouvardia elegans y Bouvardia triphylla, ilungele abaqokeleli kunye nee-hobbyists ezijonge ukuhlukanisa igadi yabo ngezityalo ezingaqhelekanga.

Iimeko eziLungileyo zokuKhula iBouvardia

Ukuba ufuna ukonwabela bouvardias isempilweni kwaye ininzi kwintyatyambo, kubalulekile ukuphindaphinda indawo yazo yendalo kangangoko kunokwenzeka:

• temperaturaEzi zizityalo zetropikhi kunye ne-subtropical ezikhetha amaqondo obushushu. Elona qondo lifanelekileyo lobushushu liphakathi kwe-15°C kunye ne-24°C ngexesha lokukhula nelokudubula kweentyatyambo, kunye namaqondo asezantsi ebusika angekho ngaphantsi kwe-7-10°C. Abakwazi ukunyamezela iqabaka.
• eLuzi: Bayafuna ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo, ngokukhethekileyo ekukhanyeni okungathanga ngqo. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuthe ngqo kunyamezelwa ebusika okanye ngexesha leentsuku zokuqala, kodwa ehlobo kunokutshisa amaqabunga kunye neentyantyambo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyibeke kwi-semi-shade okanye phantsi kokukhanya okuhluziweyo.
• Ukufuma kunye nokungenisa umoyaZikhetha iindawo ezifumileyo noko. Ubumanzi obuyi-60% bufanelekile, nangona bunyamezela iindawo ezisingqongileyo zomileyo ukuba zinkcenkceshelwa rhoqo. Kubalulekile ukuyiphepha idrafti, njengoko inokuba yingozi.
• Ukupholisa umoyaI-Bouvardia idinga umoya olungileyo, kodwa hayi kakhulu. Iindawo ezivaliweyo kakhulu zinokukhuthaza ukukhula kwefungi kunye nezinambuzane.

Umhlaba: Iimfuno kunye neSubstrate efanelekileyo

I-substrate ye bouvardia kufuneka ibekhona ilula, ichumile kwaye inemijelo egqwesileyoImixube ecetyiswayo ikholisa ukuquka:

• 1 inxalenye ye-peat
• Inxalenye e-1 yesigcina-kufuma samagqabi
• Inxalenye e-1 yesanti erhabaxa
• Ngokuzithandela, yongeza i-perlite okanye i-vermiculite ukuphucula umoya.

Yiphephe imihlaba exineneyo okanye leyo igcina ukufuma okuninzi, njengoko iingcambu zinochuku xa zimanzi kwaye zibolile.

Ukutshintshwa kweBouvardia

Ufakelo lwenziwa rhoqo kwi primavera, xa iingcambu zithatha yonke indawo ekhoyo embizeni. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lihlala emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu, nangona iisampulu ezincinci zinokufuna ukuphinda zityalwe ngonyaka de zifikelele kubungakanani bazo obupheleleyo. Oku kulandelayo kuyacetyiswa:

• Khetha imbiza enkulu kancinane kuneyangaphambili, engazange ibe nkulu kakhulu.
• Qinisekisa umaleko wokuhambisa amanzi kwisiseko (igrabile, udongwe olwandisiweyo okanye i-perlite).
• Kuphephe ukonakalisa iingcambu xa ufaka imbiza kwakhona.

Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokuFumana kokusiNgqongileyo

Unkcenkceshelo ngumba ophambili wokulinywa kweBouvardia ngempumelelo. Kumele kube njalo rhoqo kodwa phakathi kwaye ilungele ixesha lonyaka:

• Ngexesha lokukhula okusebenzayo (intwasahlobo kunye nehlobo): Gcina i-substrate ifumile, kodwa ingaxutywanga. Nkcenkceshela xa umaleko ongaphezulu womhlaba uqala ukoma.
• Ebusika: Nciphisa ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo, ukuvumela umhlaba ukuba wome kancinci phakathi kokunkcenkceshela. Ukunkcenkceshela ngeveki kudla ngokwaneleyo ngeli xesha.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amanzi anzima; Kungcono ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi emvula okanye amanzi ebesele elungisiwe ukuphelisa iklorini.
• Kwindawo ezomileyo, fafaza amagqabi ngamaxesha athile ngamanzi angenayo ikalika ukonyusa ukufuma kwaye uthintele ubukho bamangolwane.

Ukuchumisa kunye nokuQinisa umgquba

Isichumiso sibalulekile ukugcina iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye namahlamvu omelele. Isichumiso siyacetyiswa. ulwelo olugcweleyo Igalelwe kumanzi okunkcenkceshela rhoqo emva kweeveki ezimbini, ukusuka entwasahlobo ukuya ekuqaleni kokwindla. Isichumiso kufuneka siqulathe:

• Iimacronutrients: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K)
• Iimicronutrients ezibalulekileyo: IMagnesium (Mg), i-Iron (Fe), iCopper (Cu), iZinc (Zn), iBoron (B), iMolybdenum (Mo)

Ekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla, kungcono ukusebenzisa isichumisi esinomlinganiselo ophezulu we-phosphorus ukukhuthaza ukudubula kweentyatyambo kunye nokukhula kweengcambu.

Ukuthena kunye noLondolozo

La ukuthena de la bouvardia Kubalulekile ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuhlangeneyo, ukuthintela ukukhanya okugqithisileyo kunye nokuvuselela ukubonakala kwamahlumela kunye neentyatyambo ezintsha:

• Ukuthenwa ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwebusika okanye ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo: ukusika amasebe abuyele kwi-8-10 cm ukusuka kwisiseko, ukususa iinkuni ezindala kunye namasebe abuthathaka.
• Ngexesha lokukhula, susa iintyatyambo eziphelileyo kunye namahlumela omisiweyo ukuze kwandiswe iintyatyambo.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezicocekileyo kunye ne-disinfected kubalulekile ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwezifo.

Ukuphindaphinda kunye noKwandisa

La ukuphindaphinda kweBouvardia kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Ukusika iziquLe yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu. I-8-10 cm ye-cuttings ithathwa kumahlumela amancinci entwasahlobo, ngokukhethekileyo ngaphantsi kwe-node, ukususa amaqabunga aphantsi. Kunconywa ihomoni yengcambu. I-cuttings ityalwe kumxube we-peat kunye nesanti kwaye ihlanganiswe neplastiki ecacileyo ukugcina umswakama kude kube yi-root, edla ngokubakho kwiiveki ezi-6-8.
2. Izicucu zengcambu: Iingcambu ezishinyeneyo zisikwa ekupheleni kobusika, zibekwe kwisubstrate efumileyo kwaye zigcinwe kubushushu obufudumeleyo (20-25 °C) de zintshule.
3. Icandelo leMata: Xa ukutshintshwa kwezityalo zabantu abadala, i-clumps enkulu ingahlulwa, iqinisekise ukuba isahlulo ngasinye sineengcambu eziphilileyo kunye namahlumela.
4. Imbewu: Indlela engaqhelekanga kwigadi yasekhaya ngenxa yokucotha kwayo, kodwa ilungele ukuphuhlisa iintlobo ezintsha okanye imixube. Ifuna i-substrates ezikhanyayo kunye namaqondo obushushu angaguqukiyo phakathi kwe-19 kunye ne-22°C.

IiNtyantyambo kunye neeNgcebiso zokuNtyatyamba okuKhethekileyo

La iintyatyambo de la bouvardia Ixesha leentyantyambo liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo kunye neemeko zokukhula, kodwa ngokubanzi zihamba ukusuka ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo ukuya kwikwindla. Ukwandisa iintyatyambo kunye nokufezekisa iintyatyambo ezinkulu, ezinemibala emininzi, landela la macebiso:

• Susa iintyatyambo ezibunile ukunqanda ukuchitha amandla kwimbewu.
• Gcina isityalo sondlekile kwaye uthintele amaxesha embalela okanye amanzi.
• Ukubonelela ngokukhanya kwendalo okuninzi kangangoko ngaphandle kokubeka isityalo ekukhanyeni kwelanga ehlotyeni.
• Emva kokutyatyamba, nciphisa ubushushu nokunkcenkceshela rhoqo ukukhuthaza ukuphumla kwasebusika.
• Kwiindawo ezibandayo, susa izityalo ngaphakathi kwindlu okanye kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo ukuphepha umonakalo weqabaka.

Izinambuzane, izifo kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo

La bouvardia Iyakwazi ukunyamezela, kodwa ayikho ngaphandle kweengxaki zayo. Iintshaba eziphambili kunye nezisombululo zazo ziquka:

• ZintwalaIzinambuzane ezincinci ezityheli okanye eziluhlaza ezitya incindi. Ziye zipheliswe ngama-insecticide athile okanye izisombululo zesepha ye-potassium yasekhaya.
• Impukane emhlopheAmanundu amancinci amhlophe adibana phantsi kwamagqabi. Ulawulo lwebhayoloji (i-ladybugs, i-lacewings) kunye nezitshabalalisi eziphilayo zinceda ukuba zingahambi.
• Cottony mealybugs: Isitshabalalisi esixhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezomileyo. Ziye zipheliswe ngeoyile ye-insecticidal kunye nolawulo lwencwadi.
• Izilwanyana ezibomvu: Ibangela ukubonakala kweentambo zentambo kunye namabala atyheli. Ukonyusa ukufuma kwe-ambient kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-acaricides kudla ngokusebenza.
• IChlorosisAmagqabi atyheli ngenxa yokunqongophala kwentsimbi okanye ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi anzima. Ukunkcenkceshela ngamanzi angenayo ikalika kunye nee-iron chelates ngokuqhelekileyo kuyilungisa ingxaki.
• Ingcambu yokubola: Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yamanzi agqithisileyo kunye nokungaphumi kakuhle kwamanzi. Susa isityalo, susa iingcambu ezibolileyo, kwaye usitshintshele kumhlaba omtsha, ococekileyo.

Ukugcina iindlela ezilungileyo zokukhula, ezifana nokungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokucoca amagqabi kunye ne-substrates, kunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wezifo.

Ukusetyenziswa kokuhombisa kunye neentyatyambo zeBouvardia

La bouvardia Ilungele zombini igadi kunye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi. Izicelo zayo ziquka:

• Sika isityalo seentyatyambo: Ixabiseke kakhulu kubomi bayo obude (ukuya kwiiveki ezintathu) kunye nobuhle bayo kuzo zombini iintyatyambo kunye neendawo eziphambili. Ixhaphakile kumalungiselelo omtshato nakwimibhiyozo ekhethekileyo.
• Umtsalane wePollinator: Iintyatyambo zayo ezityebileyo nge-nectar zixhaphake kakhulu yi-hummingbirds, iinyosi kunye namabhabhathane, ezikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji kwigadi.
• Isityalo se-potted okanye i-balcony: Ndiyabulela kubukhulu bayo obudibeneyo kunye neentyantyambo ezihlala ixesha elide, zilungele i-patios, i-terraces kunye neendawo zangaphakathi ezikhanyiswe kakuhle.

Ukusetyenziswa kweyeza kunye ne-Ethnobotanical

Kumayeza esintu aseMexico, IBouvardia ternifolia isetyenzisiwe njenge iyeza lendalo ngokuchasene neetyhefu amarhamba, oonomadudwane, iinyosi, iimbovane nezinye izinambuzane, nokunyanga ukhohlokhohlo, isifo segazi, isisu esibuhlungu nentloko ebuhlungu. Isicatshulwa sayo seqabunga siye sasetyenziswa ekulawuleni isifo seswekile, kwaye uphando olutshanje luye lwabonisa i-anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, kunye ne-neuroprotective properties.

Kwintsimi yesayensi, iikhompawundi ezifana ne-flavonoids, i-triterpenes, kunye ne-coumarins ziye zachongwa, ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kweyeza. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iindawo ezininzi zesityalo zingatyiwa kwaye zingasetyenziswa ekutyeni, ukuphathwa kwayo kufuneka kuhlale kubekwe esweni kunye nolwazi olukhethekileyo.

Iinyaniso ezinomdla kunye nolwazi olufanelekileyo malunga ne-Bouvardia

• I-Bouvardia phantse yalityalwa ekulimeni igadi de, kwiinzame zokuyihlangula, abafuyi bamaDatshi bavelisa iinguqulelo ezincinane ezilungele ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi, nto leyo eyabuyisela ukuthandwa kwesityalo.
• Ukunika i-Bouvardias kuthetha ukuhambisa umdla wobomi, kwaye yiyo loo nto zisetyenziswa kwiintyatyambo ezininzi zomthendeleko kunye nemikhosi.
• EMexico, ukufunyanwa kweentlobo ezintsha kwiindawo ezisezintabeni kuyaqhubeka nokutyebisa ilifa lezityalo ze-genus.
• Ivumba lezinye iindidi lifaniswa nelo lejasmine, ngelixa ezinye, zinevumba elimnandi, zixhathisa kwaye kulula ukukhula.

Iingcebiso ezithe ngqo zokuKhula ngaphakathi nangaphandle

Ukukhula ezimbizeni

• Khetha iimbiza ngokobungakanani bokukhula kwesityalo. Qala ngezikhongozeli eziyi-15 cm kwaye wandise ubungakanani njengoko sikhula isityalo.
• Beka isityalo kwindawo apho sifumana ukukhanya okuninzi kwendalo, kodwa ngaphandle kokuchaswa ngokuthe ngqo elangeni ngeeyure ezibukhali kakhulu.
• Jikelezisa imbiza ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukukhula ngokulinganayo.
• Ngaphakathi, ifestile ejonge empuma okanye entshona iqhelekile ukuba yeyona ilungileyo.

Ukulima igadi

• Khetha indawo enomoya olungileyo, kodwa ikhuselwe kwimimoya ebhudla ngamandla.
• Ibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo ukuba isityalo sithambekele okanye sikhule ngokunyuka (i-trellis, abahlohli, njl.).
• Yomba umngxuma owaneleyo weengcambu kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ayikhuphisani neengcambu zemithi emikhulu.
• I-Bouvardia inokuba yinto ehlaselayo phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuchaza indawo yayo.

Inyathelo ngeNyathelo ukuya kwiBouvardia enempilo Unyaka wonke

1. indawo kunye nokukhanya: Beka isityalo apho sifumana ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa sikhuselekile elangeni elibukhali.
2. UnkcenkcesheloGcina i-substrate ifumile ngexesha lokukhula kwaye unciphise ukufuma ebusika. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa amanzi angenayo ikalika.
3. UkuchumisaFaka isichumiso esingamanzi rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu entlakohlaza nasehlotyeni. Yeka ukufaka isicelo ekwindla nasebusika.
4. Ukuthena: Yenza ukuthena okugqithisileyo ekupheleni kobusika kwaye ususe iintyatyambo eziphelileyo rhoqo.
5. Ukuthintela izinambuzane: Hlola rhoqo kwaye wenze kwiimpawu zokuqala.
6. Ukutshintshwa: Phinda emva kweminyaka emi-2-3 okanye uhlukanise izityalo ezinkulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
7. Ukuphindaphinda: Thatha ithuba lokuthena amagatya okanye iingcambu ukuze ufumane izityalo ezitsha.

La bouvardia Ligugu kuye nawuphina umntu othanda isitiya okhangela isityalo esingaqhelekanga, ekulula ukusikhulisa, esinemisebenzi emininzi eneentyatyambo ezintle. Izisa umbala kunye nobomi naphi na apho ikhule khona kwaye, ngokhathalelo olufanelekileyo, iya kubonelela ngeentyatyambo kunye nevumba elimnandi ngamaxesha amaninzi.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

I-Bouvardia ternifolia: ukhathalelo olupheleleyo, iipropati kunye nazo zonke izinto ezisetyenziswayo