Ngenye intsasa usondela kwindawo yakho eluhlaza kwaye ufumanise ukuba amanye amagqabi aphulukene nombala wawo, ebonakala ephaphathekile okanye emthubi ngokupheleleyo. Sukuba nexhala: ukutyheli kunezizathu ezibonakalayo kunye nezisombululo ezicacileyo ukuba wenza kwangethuba. Ngaphakathi, eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo ayiqhelekanga ukungabikho kwamanzi, kodwa Ukungaphumeleli kwamanzi amaninzi kunye ne-drainage kudibaniswa neempazamo zokuchumisa.
Injongo yesi sikhokelo kukukunceda ukuba uhlukanise iimpawu, uqonde okwenzekayo kwi-substrate, kwaye usebenzise izilungiso ezisebenzayo. Uya kubona iimpawu eziphambili zokunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo, ukunqongophala kwezondlo kunye nokugqithisa okubangela ukuba amaqabunga abe tyheli, kunye nendlela yokulungelelanisa ukunkcenkceshela. Ukukhupha amanzi, i-pH, kunye nokuchumisa ukubuyisela impilo yezityalo zakho.
Yintoni i-chlorosis kwaye kutheni amagqabi ejika abe tyheli?
Ukusasazeka kwamagqabi amagqabi kwaziwa ngokuba chlorosisIlahleko yeklorofili ethintela isityalo kwiphotosynthesizing ngokufanelekileyo. Xa oku kwenzeka kwaye kungalungiswa, amaqabunga anokuba buthathaka, awele, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, isityalo sinokufa.
Amanzi amaninzi adla ngokubangela i-chlorosis ngaphakathi. Iingcambu ezizele kukufuma aziphefumli kakuhle, zinciphisa ukufunxwa kweoksijini, yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba... i-oxygen kwi-substrate kwaye ukuthuthwa kwezondlo kuyaphazamiseka. Ukuba amagqabi abonakala etyheli kwaye ethambile, enotyekelo lokuwa ngaphandle kokoma kuqala, luphawu olucace gca. ukuphefumla kweengcambu ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi.
Lumkela eyona mbono iphosakeleyo ixhaphakileyo: ukuthotywa kwamagqabi kunye namagqabi atyheli akusoloko kuthetha ukunxanwa. Ukuba umhlaba uziva ubanda, uxinene, kwaye unzima xa uwubamba, phantse njengodaka, ingxaki mhlawumbi lunxano. ukunkcenkceshela ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwamanziNgokwahlukileyo koko, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi, amagqabi abonakala eqaqadekile kwaye omile.
Ukongeza kumanzi, i-chlorosis inokubangelwa ukusilela okanye ukuvaleka kwezondlo (N, P, K, kunye ne-micronutrients ezifana ne-Fe, Mn, Mg, S, okanye Ca). Xa i I-substrate pH Umhlaba awufanelekanga, okanye kukho ukugqithisa kweetyuwa ngenxa yokuchumisa okuqhubekayo; isityalo siyayeka ukufunxa izondlo ngokuchanekileyo naxa zikhona, zivelisa uphawu yellowing ngokuxhomekeke element echaphazelekayo.
Ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo, kuyanceda ukujonga apho i-yellowing iqala khona (amagqabi amancinci okanye amadala), ingaba imithambo ihlala iluhlaza, ukuba amabala amdaka avela, kwaye ukuba kukho iingcebiso ezitshileyo okanye imiphetho echaphazelekayo. Ezi nkcukacha luxilongo kwaye zikhokela inkqubo. esona sisombululo sisebenzayo.
Izichumisi ezi-3 kunye neempazamo zokuhambisa amanzi ezityhila amanzi angaphezulu
Xa kukho ukutyheli okubanzi kwamagqabi kwaye i-substrate ihlala inzima kwaye ifumile, iingxaki ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zihlala zihambelana. Ukuzilungisa kuphucula i-oxygen kwi-rhizosphere, kuthintela ukutshixwa kwezondlo, kwaye kuvumela isityalo ukuba siphinde sifumane umbala waso oluhlaza. Le yimiqondiso kunye nezisombululo ze iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo ekuchumiseni nasekukhupheni amanzi.
Imposiso 1: Isubstrate engakhuphi amanzi kunye nembiza egcina amanzi
Iimpawu: umhlaba ogayiweyo ongavuthukiyo, amadibi athatha ixesha elide ukuphuma, ingqele, iingcambu ezingangeni moya kakuhle. Imbiza inokuba yincinci kakhulu okanye ayinayo umxube wembiza ene-aerated (isanti erhabaxa, i-perlite, ixolo, njl.njl.). Phantsi kwezi meko, kwanaxa sichumisa ngendlela efanelekileyo, isityalo asikwazi ukufunxa izondlo. ukungabikho kweoksijini kwiingcambu.
Isisombululo: Ukutshintshela kumxube osemgangathweni, okhawulezayo wokugalela imbiza ogcina ukufuma okuyimfuneko kuphela. Xuba izinto zokungenisa umoya kwaye uqinisekise ukuba imbiza inemingxuma eyaneleyo yokukhupha amanzi kunye nesosi engaqokeleli manzi. Nkcenkceshela xa iisentimitha ezimbalwa eziphezulu zomxube wembiza ziphulukene nokufuma. Ukuba i-rootball idibene kakhulu, yikhulule ngobumnene ukuvumela iingcambu ukuba zisasazeke. ukwenza i-oxygen kunye nokwenza ikoloni kwindawo entsha.
Imposiso yesi-2: Yongeza isichumiso esingaphezulu 'ukunyanga' ukutyheli okubangwa kukunkcenkceshela
Xa amagqabi ajika abe tyheli ngenxa yokunkcenkceshelwa kakhulu, ukongeza isichumisi kuyayikhathaza ngakumbi ingxaki: iityuwa ziqokelelana, i-conductivity iphakama, iingcambu ziba noxinzelelo, kwaye ukutshixa kweengcambu kuyaqina. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi mpawu zivela amabala amdaka kunye neencam ezitshileyo kunye ne-chlorosis.
Isisombululo: Misa isichumisi, amanzi nzulu ukugungxula i-substrate, kwaye ukuba isityalo sisembizeni, cinga ngokuphinda ugalele umxube wokubumba. Nje ukuba isityalo siphinde sifumane i-turgor, buyisela ngobunono izondlo. izichumisi eziphilayo okanye zaselwandle, ezityebileyo kodwa zilungeleleneNgalo lonke ixesha ihlonipha ithamo kunye namaxesha.
Impazamo yesi-3: Ukungahoyi i-pH kunye ne-substrate saturation xa uchumisa
I-pH engafanelekanga kumhlaba ohluthisiweyo ivimbela i-iron, i-manganese, kunye nezinye i-micronutrients. Uza kubona amagqabi amatsha aphaphatheke kakhulu anemithambo eluhlaza (ukunqongophala kwentsimbi), ukutyheli kwe-interveinal (manganese, magnesium), okanye iingcebiso ezityheli (ukunqongophala kwesulfure). Ukuba imbiza nayo incinci kakhulu, isityalo siya kugxila ekuveliseni amagqabi amatsha ngelixa sibingelela amadala, kuqinisa ingxaki. ukutyheli ngenxa yokufunxa ngokungafanelekanga.
Isisombululo: Lungisa i-pH yamanzi okunkcenkceshela kunye nomxube wokuhlamba, uphucule amanzi, kwaye ukuba iingcambu zixinene, phinda ubeke kwisitya esikhulu. Kwintsimbi, oku kulandelayo kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu: iichelates ezifakwe kwi-foliarly kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngamanzi emvulaKwimihlaba yealkaline, i-acidifying ngobumnene nge-citric acid, i-blonde peat, okanye i-gypsum inceda ukuvula izondlo.
Ukunqongophala kwezondlo kunye nokugqithisa: indlela yokwahlula
Ukunqanda 'ukudubula ngokungaboniyo', kuluncedo ukuqaphela iipateni zesondlo ngasinye. Apha ngezantsi zezona zixhaphake kakhulu ukukhula kwangaphakathi, kunye ne... iimpawu kunye nezilungiso.
Initrojeni (N)
Ukubaluleka: kubalulekile kwi ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokwakhiwa kweeprotheyini kunye chlorophyllNgaphandle kwenitrogen eyaneleyo, isityalo siyayeka ukukhula. Iimpawu zokusilela: ukutyheli kwegqabi lonke, kuquka nemithambo, ukuqala ngamagqabi asezantsi; ukukhula okucothayo okanye okudodobalayo.
Isisombululo: Thintela ngomgquba, ukujikeleziswa kwezityalo, kunye nomgquba oluhlaza egadini, kwaye galela isichumiso esityebile ngenitrogen xa kuyimfuneko. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, iimveliso ezine-amino acids zisebenza ngokukhawuleza ngokubonelela ngeefom ezihambelanayo ngokuthe ngqo iphinde isebenze iprotein synthesis.
Initrogen egqithisileyo: amagqabi aluhlaza kakhulu nakhazimlayo, amagqabi amaninzi, iziqhamo ezimbalwa okanye ezincinci, kunye nokulibaziseka ukuvuthwa. Ulungiso: manzi ngokucokisekileyo ukugungxula initrogen engaphezulu kwaye, kwiimbiza, phinda uyiphose ngesubstrate entsha. yehlisa ukuxinana kweetyuwa.
Potassium (K)
Ukubaluleka: kulawula ukuvulwa kwesisu, ukulingana kwamanzi, kunye nokunyamezela uxinzelelo; isitshixo kwiinkqubo zamandla, ukuphindaphinda kweeseli, kunye protein kunye nesitashi synthesisIphucula impendulo kubushushu nembalela.
Iimpawu zokunqongophala: ukuba tyheli emaphethelweni amagqabi aphakathi nasezantsi, ngamanye amaxesha abe 'nokutshisa' okujikelezayo; ukukhula okucothayo, ukunganyamezeli kakuhle ukutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu ngesiquphe kunye nokulahleka kwamagqabi; kwimithi yeziqhamo, ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo ezingalinganiyo.
Isisombululo: Faka izichumisi ezine-potassium; ukhula lwaselwandle lusebenza kakuhle kakhulu (lubonelela nge potassium kunye nemicronutrients), njengokuba isenza iti yecomfrey egalelwa emhlabeni, eyongeza ngezinto ekunzima ukuzifumana emhlabeni. izichumisi eziqhelekileyo.
Intsimbi (Fe)
Ukubaluleka: Kubalulekile ekwenziweni kweklorofili. Ifumaneka phantse kuwo wonke umhlaba, kodwa kunzima ukufunxa kwiindawo ze-alkaline, ngakumbi kwizityalo ezithanda i-acid (hydrangeas, gardenias, camellias, azaleas) kunye neziqhamo ze-citrus. Iimpawu: Amagqabi amancinci atyheli okanye amhlophe anemithambo eluhlaza; ukuwa kwegqabi ukuba iyaqhubeka.
Isisombululo: Nkcenkceshela ngamanzi emvula xa kunokwenzeka, galela i-iron chelates njengesitshizi se-foliar, kwaye ulungise i-pH nge-citric acid, i-peat moss, okanye igypsum. Kwiimeko ezincinci, i-corrector yokusilela kwezondlo ingasetyenziswa. ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela amanqanaba.
IManganese (Mn)
Ukubaluleka: Ithatha inxaxheba kwiphotosynthesis, ukuphefumla, kunye ne-nitrogen assimilation; ngundoqo ekuntshuleni kwepollen, ukukhula kweengcambu, kunye nokukhusela kwi-pathogens. Njengentsimbi, ukufunxwa kwayo konakala kwimihlaba enealkaline. Iimpawu: amabala atyheli phakathi kwemithambo kumagqabi amatsha, ngamanye amaxesha ngamabala abomvu okanye amfusa; imithambo ihlala iluhlaza.
Isisombululo: Sebenzisa amanzi emvula rhoqo, galela iMn chelates ngesitshizi samagqabi, kwaye ulungelelanise i-pH ukuya lula ukulinganisa.
Magnesium (Mg)
Ukubaluleka: Yiatom esembindini yemolekyuli yeklorofili kwaye, ke ngoko, ibalulekile kwiphotosynthesis. Iimpawu: I-interveinal yellowing, ekuqaleni kumagqabi amadala, ngelixa imithambo ihlala iluhlaza. Idla ngokuvela kwimihlaba eneasidi kakhulu okanye xa kukho i-calcium okanye i-potassium eninzi.
Isisombululo: Kwimihlaba ye-calcareous, yongeza i-magnesium sulfate; kwimihlaba eneasidi, idolomite. Ukulungelelanisa ibhalansi yeCa / Mg / K inceda uzinzise uhlaza lwamagqabi.
Isulfure (S)
Ukubaluleka: Kunye nenitrogen, ibandakanyeka kwiprotein synthesis. Ayithunyelwanga kakuhle kumagqabi avuthiweyo, ngoko ke ukusilela kubonakaliswa ngamacebiso aphuzi. Iimpawu: iingcebiso ezibonakala kakhulu ezityhelingakumbi kumagqabi amatsha.
Isisombululo: Fafaza isulfure kwi-substrate okanye utshize i-diluted. Izindululo zokusetyenziswa: Faka kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-28°C, ziphephe iintsuku ezinomoya ukuba usebenza ngaphandle, kwaye ungaxubani nee-oyile. ukuthintela ukusabela okungafunwayo.
Ikhalsiyam (Ca)
Ukubaluleka: Ukomeleza iindonga zeeseli, unceda ukufunxa ezinye izondlo, kwaye ulawula ukuphefumula, ukuphucula ukuchasana noxinzelelo lwamanzi. Iimpawu: Amancinci, ashwabeneyo, okanye amagqabi amatsha amatsha, ngamanye amaxesha isongiwe ekugqibeleni; kwiziqhamo, ukubola kwentyatyambo-isiphelo; inkangeleko yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni jikelele.
Isisombululo: Lungisa i-pH, thintela izichumisi eziphezulu kakhulu kwi-potassium eziphazamisa ukufunxa kwe-calcium, kwaye wongeze i-calcium. Kulimo lwendalo, ungasebenzisa umgquba wecomfrey njengesitshizi okanye uthuli. Iyeza lasekhaya: Yongeza amaqokobhe amaqanda atyumkileyo kwindawo engaphantsi okanye ucwilise amaqhekeza amaqokobhe amaqanda emanzini iiyure ezingama-24 kunye namanzi. yongeza i-calcium ekhupha kancinciKwiimeko zokushisa okukhulu, ukubonelela ngomthunzi othile kunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Inqaku ngokubanzi kwi-NPK: I-nitrogen ikhuthaza uhlaza kunye nokukhula; i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium yomeleza iingcambu kunye neentyatyambo. Izityalo ezihlala embizeni enye kunye ne-substrate ixesha elide zivame ukuphuhlisa i-chlorosis kunye namabala ngenxa yokunciphisa izondlo. Isicwangciso esingaguquguqukiyo, sokuchumisa ngokwendalo esilungiselelwe uhlobo ngalunye sigcina a ukutya okunokulinganisela kwexesha elide.
Imiba yokusingqongileyo, ukunkcenkceshela, kunye nezitshabalalisi nazo zibangela ukuba tyheli
Ukunkcenkceshela okungafanelekanga: Ukuba phantse onke amagqabi ajika abe tyheli kwaye umhlaba uhlala unamanzi, unkcenkceshela kakhulu. Ngokuchasene noko, ukunkcenkceshela ngaphantsi kwamanzi kunokubangela ukutyheli ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwamanzi. Undoqo kukuba ibhalansi ukufuma kunye nokuphucula amanziIngcebiso ekhawulezayo: bamba umhlaba; ukuba iyabumba kwaye ayivuthuki, okanye ivakala 'inodaka', ayikhuphi kakuhle.
Iimbiza zokuzinkcenkceshela zinceda ukugcina ukufuma okuzinzile ngaphakathi kwindlu, ukuthintela izikhonkwane kuzo zombini ezigqithisileyo kunye nokusilela. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba uhlobo ngalunye lunesingqisho salo: ezinye izityalo zikhetha i-substrate ephantse yome phakathi kokunkcenkceshela, ngelixa ezinye zifuna ukufuma rhoqo. ukufuma rhoqo kodwa umoya.
Ukukhanya: Ukungabikho kokukhanya ixesha elide kubangela amagqabi atyheli; kodwa ukukhanya okuninzi kwiintlobo ezithanda umthunzi kuyatshisa kwaye kutyheli amagqabi. Kuphephe ukunkcenkceshela elangeni ngezona yure zishushu kakhulu, kuba amathontsi asebenza njengeglasi yokukhulisa kwaye abangele amabala amdaka. ukutsha kwegqabiUkufuduka ngokweemfuno zeentlobo (umthunzi okanye umthunzi ongaphelelanga xa kufanelekile).
Imbiza encinci: Xa iingcambu zingenandawo yaneleyo, isityalo sichitha amandla sivelisa amagqabi amatsha kwaye sincama amadala, athi atyheli. Ukuba ubona iingcambu ziphuma kwimingxuma yokuhambisa amanzi okanye ukujikeleza ibhola yeengcambu, lixesha lokuba... tshintshela kwisikhongozeli esikhulu.
Izinambuzane: Amangolwane, iintwala, kunye nethrips zifunxa incindi, zenza buthathaka izihlunu, kwaye zinokutofa ityhefu okanye zikhuthaze iintsholongwane, ezikhokelela ekubeni tyheli kunye nokuwa kwamagqabi. Ukuba ubona ubukho babo, isepha ye-potassium lunyango oluthambileyo nolusebenzayo lokothuka. lawula isitshabalalisi ngaphandle kokonakalisa isityalo.
Umngundo: Ezinye zibangela amachokoza atyheli, amnyama, okanye amdaka, kunye nezigqubuthelo ezimhlophe kumphezulu wamagqabi. Uthintelo nge imichiza yokungunda yendalo esetyenziswa ngokutshiza Inciphisa izehlo, ngakumbi xa kukho ukufuma okuphezulu kwendawo.
Indlela yokuvuselela izityalo ezinamagqabi atyheli
Ukuba ukuxilongwa kubonisa ukusilela (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn okanye S), misela isicwangciso esiqhelekileyo sokuchumisa kwaye ugcine impendulo. Ukuba iingcambu ziyabonakala kwaye imbiza incinci kakhulu, phinda uphinde uhlaziye i-substrate., ukongeza imixube ene-aerated ye ukuphucula ubume kunye nokukhupha amanzi.
Kwi-iron chlorosis (ixhaphake kakhulu kwizityalo ezithanda i-asidi kunye neziqhamo ze-citrus), i-iron chelates esetyenziswa njengesitshizi isebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kunye nokunkcenkceshela ngamanzi emvula kunceda ukuphepha ukunyusa i-pH. Ukulungiswa kwendawo, i ukunqongophala kwezitshizi zokulungisa Ziyisisombululo esikhawulezayo ngelixa ulungisa umgangatho.
Ukuba ingxaki kukukhanya, susa isityalo kwindawo efanelekileyo. Zama ukuphindaphinda indawo yayo yendalo: iintlobo ezithanda umthunzi, umthunzi; iintlobo ezithanda ilanga, ukukhanya okuninzi okuhluziweyo. Xa unkcenkceshela, yaphula 'ishedyuli emiselweyo' kunye namanzi ngokweyona mfuno yesityalo: jonga umphezulu weesentimitha ezimbalwa zomhlaba ngomnwe wakho kwaye Beka indawo yokunkcenkceshela xa imbiza inzima kakhulu.
Xa ingxaki ingumngundo, sebenzisa imichiza yendalo yokungunda kwaye uphucule umoya, uthintele ukumanzisa amagqabi ngexesha elishushu kakhulu lemini. Kwizinambuzane, sebenzisa isepha ye-potassium ngamaxesha kwaye ujonge amaqabunga angaphantsi. Khumbula: izityalo zizinto eziphilayo; ngengqalelo encinane rhoqo, 'bathetha' nawe ngamagqabi abo, kwaye unokuphendula ngokuhlengahlengisa ngokufanelekileyo. amanzi, ukukhanya, i-substrate kunye nezondlo.
Ukubeka iliso kombala wamagqabi kufana nokufunda ukuxilongwa ngexesha lokwenyani. Ngokuchonga ukuba i-yellowing ithambile ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwamanzi, nokuba kukho imithambo eluhlaza ebonisa ukusilela kwentsimbi okanye i-magnesium, nokuba imiphetho etyheli ifana ne-potassium, okanye iingcebiso ezityheli zidibene nesulfure, unokwenza ngokuchanekileyo: uphucule amanzi, indawo yokunkcenkceshela, ukulungelelanisa i-pH, ukusebenzisa i-chelates, okanye ukongeza i-seaweed, i-comfrey kunye ne-calcium xa kuyimfuneko. Ngolu hlengahlengiso, ukubuya okuluhlaza, isityalo siphinda siphinde sibe namandla, kwaye uyayifumana loo nto... Ikona yendlu ekhupha impilo kunye ne-vibes emihle.
